I 33 — 
La parole est donnée à M. G. H. Carpenter (Dublin) pour la 
lecture de sa note : 
On the Œstridæ. 
Ç.Résumé.) 
A. — Hypoderma bovis and H. lineata. 
For some years past I have carried on experiments and observ¬ 
ations under the auspices of the Irish Department of Agriculture, 
in order to test the value of the various dressings that have been 
recommended to protect Cattle against the attacks of these Flies, 
and to determine whether the Maggot gains entrance to the host- 
animal’s body directly through the skin or by way of the mouth. 
A chosen number of Cattle were washed or sprayed throughout 
the summer months,other Animals being left untreated for control. 
Even in the case of those washed all over every day no protection 
was aftorded against the attack of the Flies ; these Cattle had in the 
succeeding spring as many warbles, on the average, as the untreated 
Animals. It was decided therefore no longer to recommend farmers 
to use these preventive washes, but to concentrate their efforts on 
the destruction of the Maggots. 
In order to test the method by which the Maggots gain entrance 
to the Cattle, a number of Calves were turned out with the Animals 
grazing in the field, but bearing leather muzzles so that they could 
not lick themselves. At night and when feeding the neck was tied 
between stakes and the forelimbs were protected by an apron. 
These muzzled Calves had as many warbles in the succeeding 
spring as the untreated Calves. This experiment supported the old 
view that the Maggot bores directly through the skin, but it was 
thought that possibly the Calf might be able to suck the eggs 
through the breathinfoioles of the leather muzzle. Last vear there- 
fore a cage made of stout iron wire was fixed outside the leather, 
and by this means the average number of warbles on the muzzled 
Calves was reduced to two per beast, as against 8.5 per beast for 
the untreated Calves on the farm. 
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