PUPILS: KAHLER, ROLANDER 235 
1754, partly from poverty, partly from illness, but he 
sent home from there a chest of natural objects, which 
was captured by pirates. On his way to Naples he 
collected many plants and insects, but again was 
attacked by fever. An encouraging letter was 
received here from Linne, also financial help from 
Wargentin, secretary of the Academy of Science, and 
from Back. The new year was fraught with fresh 
pecuniary troubles and illnesses, but an opportune 
remittance from Wargentin enabled him early in 1756 
to leave Naples for Rome. From here he started for 
home chiefly on foot, reaching Sweden at the end of 
May, when he was kindly welcomed by Linne. 
Kahler and Dr. Hallman dined with Linne, who noted 
that: 
One was big, the other modest; 
One was talkative, the other silent; 
One was empty, the other solid; 
One was untrue, the other true. 
Kahler became Admiralty physician at Karlskroma, 
where he died in 1773 at the age of forty-six. 
These unhappy events cooled Linne’s ardour for 
sending collectors abroad. “ The deaths of many 
whom I have induced to travel have made my hair 
grey, and what have I gained? A few dried plants, 
with great anxiety, unrest, and care.” But this mood 
soon vanished, and from 1746 till Linne’s death, 
hardly a couple of years passed without finding one 
or more of his pupils investigating foreign countries. 
Among this later class of Linne’s “ Apostles ” we 
must first name Daniel Rolander, who had come into 
notice by his observations on the life-history of certain 
insects. Linne engaged him as tutor for his son. 
He had some misgivings about Rolander, for though 
proving himself a theologian and entomologist, he 
was not apt at research. 
In the summer of 1754, when Linne heard from 
Back that a Swede settled in Surinam was disposed to 
