Of the three types of trees mentioned above the 
tip-layered can be sold for less because it can be 
produced more cheaply.. It should be cut back heavily 
when planted to relieve the roots of the drain of sup¬ 
porting a heavy top before they themselves are well es¬ 
tablished. These trees wiU have suckers like any other 
filbert tree. The more shallow that they are planted 
the fewer the suckers, just as with any other type of 
filbert tree. 
Tiie nurseried trees are usually tip-layered trees 
that have been given an addxt onal year’s growth in 
the nursery row. Having a heavier root 
do not need cutting back wnen planted in 
Nature propagates ner trees entirely 
lings. Nurserymen have long realized that 
type of root is preferable to any other 
system they 
the orchard, 
from seed- 
the seedling 
type but the 
filbert, budding, which is necessary to transform the 
seedling over to tae desired variety, has not been 
mastered until very recently and the nursery stands are 
not yet such as to permit propagation of trees under 
this method as cheaply as in the older tip-layering or 
transplanted methods. The seedling root is much deeper 
growing than that of the other methods of propagation, 
as can be seen in the pictures on this page (trees A 
and It C is a layered type of tree.) Budded trees come 
from the nursery with straight, unbranched trunks, 
like apple and prune trees, which permits the grower 
to head the tree at any 'height he choses. These trees 
have a deep root system that enables the young tree 
to draw from the deeper, more moist stratas of soil 
rig.it from the day it is planted, thus insuring a quick¬ 
er first-year growth and a more rapid growth through 
the life of the tree. Suckermg of these seedling trees is 
eus.er and less expensive. 
Filbert Varieties 
The matter of varieties is very important. In 
Oregon the Barcelona has long been the 
but recently the new Brixnut has been 
major variety 
gaining much 
favor, due to its large size, early bear.ng and premium 
returns. In Washington the DuChilly and Barcelona 
varieties are about equal in favor, there being no 
Brixnut plantings of bearing age in that state as yet. 
DuChilly, in Oregon, is used only as a pollenizer for 
Barcelona but in Washington it is planted as a major 
variety in many cases.. 
Usually the grower, with a block of each of sev¬ 
eral varieties, will have a more stable income as it has 
been noticed that often the heavy crop of one variety 
hits in a year when one of the other varieties is a 
little light. Under Oregon condit ons we would suggest 
a planting half of Barcelona and half of Brixnut, the 
former being pollenized with Daviana, DuChilly and 
Nottingham and the latter with Halls Giant. 
Under Washington conditions, if the grower is 
sold on DuC'nilly we would split the planting into 
three major varieties, pollenizing the DuChilhes with 
Alpha and Gassoway. 
As new varieties are offered 
.t 
is advisable to 
plant a few of each for test purposes. There are a lot 
of very promising new varieties of American origin 
being tested cut now and from these will undoubtedly 
come new var eties greatly superior to the old European 
variet'es that now dominate our plantings. 
None of our 'filbert varieties are commercially 
self-fertile. It is necessary that we plant certain mix¬ 
tures of varieties in order that we may have pollena- 
tion. These varieties which we plant in order to make 
our principal varieties bear are called pollenizers. 
They also bear nuts but are not usually heavy bearers. 
Barcelona is the most planted variety in the north¬ 
west. It is a large, round nut that drops freely from 
its husk. This self-husking quality is a valuable one. 
Barcelona makes a large tree and bears early when 
properly pollenated. Daviana, DuChilly and Notting- 
ham are all pollenizers for Bar elona. By using several 
pollenizers we extend the pollen flow over a much 
longer period than is possible with a single variety, 
thus catching the early as well as late Barcelona blos¬ 
soms. 
DuChilly is the variety second in importance a 
present. It is a long nut. This var.ety is only partially 
self-husking, 40 to 50 per cent of the nuts falling 
free of the husk. The DuChilly tree is not as large and 
vigorous as is Barcelona. Some markets will pay a 
premium for DuChilly. DuCnilly is especially prized by 
the growers around Vancouver, Washington. Here many 
growers use it as a main commercial crop. In all other 
sections of the northwest, Barcelona is the leading 
variety. The principal pollenizers used with DuChilly are 
Daviana, Gassoway and Alpha. W here Barcelona is used 
as the leading variety Dav.ana is used to pollenize Du¬ 
Chilly, for it is also an excellent pollenizer for Bar¬ 
celona. Tn the Vancouver section where DuChilly is 
