The recent cattle disease in Kansas. 
335 
are almost always grouped in the same circular zone and near the 
summit of the ear, while some have merely aborted, and the 
great majority of the flowers remain sound. 
The fungous excrescences, when recent and still filled with 
juice, are made up of a structure of large cells with frequent in¬ 
terspaces and traversed by a few fibro-vascular bundles. The 
large cells and interspaces are alike filled with the substance of 
the fungus, a colorless, jelly-like material, only slighty stained 
with iodine. Here and there in this material are the round or 
oval forming spores, which acquire a deep brown or yellow color 
on the addition of iodine', and around which the gelatinous mass 
comes to arrange itself in polyhedral masses. At a more ad¬ 
vanced stage the center of a diseased mass shows a network of 
black lines formed by the confluence of the smutty spaces, while 
around the margin there remains the original colorless structure 
gorged with juice. When mature the diseased mass is filled with 
black spores, each covered with spikes like a chestnut burr. 
USTILAGO CARBO. SMUT OF BARLEY AND OATS. 
This also attacks wheat but to a less extent. It grows on the 
substance of the glumes and spike, causing entire abortion of the 
flowers on wheat and oats, but leaving traces of them in barley. 
Finally there is left merely a ball containing the black spores, 
which in this species are perfectly round and smooth. 
TILLETIA CARIES—UREDO CARIES—USTILAGO CARIES- 
SMUT OF WHEAT. 
This fungus grows in the interior of the ovary only of wheat 
and some other grains, and when mature has not materially 
altered the size of the seed, but has imparted to it a brownish 
color, and three additional longitudinal grooves, one on the back 
and one on each side. When mature, it has a very thin envelope 
inclosing in a delicate fibrous net-work a mass of black spores^ 
each with a finely reticulated surface. 
The conditions that favor the production of these are in the 
main the same—the presence of the spores, a damp soil, a shady 
locality (the presence of trees and woods), the absence of free 
circulation of air, a moist air, a clouded sky, hot weather, 
