384 
RUSH 8HIPPEN HUIDEKOPPHi. 
complete veterinary faculty, the other the addition of a single 
veterinary chair to the existing universities. The university 
plan suffered from being unable to furnish sufficient clinical ma¬ 
terial ; enough instruction in anatomy and the teaching was allied 
too closely to that of human medicine, too little practical instruction 
was given in the elementary parts of proper veterinary training 
aud in the study of animal epidemics. The.co-education of vet¬ 
erinary and medical students was strongly urged in a memoir of 
Cothenius, the body physician of Frederick the Great; he also 
argued that medical students should have a knowledge of animal 
epidemics so that they might afterwards officiate as veterinary 
inspectors. The first veterinary school to follow those in France 
was in Turin in Fiedmont, under Charles Emanuel III, King of 
Sardinia, 1769; that at Copenhagen, Denmark, was founded in 
1773 with Abildgaard in charge. 
In Vienna, Austria, an advanced farrier’s school, where a few 
operations were performed, existed from 1767 to 1777. Vienna 
had long been renowned for its guild of farriers, of whom a 
monument stands to-day in the Graben, in the form of a tree 
stump converted into a column of iron by the horse shoe nails 
which each smith drove into it on becoming a member of the 
guild. In 1764 the Empress Maria Theresa sent a soldier named 
Scotti, an apothecary named Mengman, and a certain Haller to 
Lyons for two years, who upon their return gave a limited course 
of instruction with success.. In 1769 the Empress sent a surgeon 
named Wolstein, accompanied by a smith, to Alfort, where they 
remained two years taking advantage also of Lafosse’s clinic in 
Paris; they then travelled through England, Holland, Denmark and 
Germany and returned in 1775, having spent six years in preparing 
themselves for their work. This complete training entitled Wol¬ 
stein to the consideration he received in the hands of the Emperor, 
who granted him his demands for a con se of two years, embracing 
anatomy, exterior anatomy, diatetics, breeding, shoeing, practice of 
medicine, materia medica, botany and chemistry, also a staole for 30 
horses, 6 to 8 cows and swine and 15 to 20 smaller animals. The 
result of this foundation has always been one of the most method¬ 
ical schools of Europe. The teachers for other schools were 
