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A. LIAUTAKD. 
anthrax proper, carbunculous fever; the second to symptomatic- 
anthrax. 
The first is dne to the presence and the development in the 
body of an animal, of a small individual parasite, aerobic in its na¬ 
ture—that is, living at the expense of the oxygen of the body— 
a bacteridie; the second being also dne to a small creature, a 
bacteria. But these individuals are so different in their nature, 
that if the first one is introduced in the general circulation it 
gives rise to an affection sure to be fatal in the end, while the 
second treated in the same manner produces merely a slight and 
temporary disturbance, and besides this imparts to the animal ex¬ 
perimented upon an immunity which protects him against direct 
inoculation. Death, or at least serious accidents, occur only when 
the bacteria or the liquid that contains it is introduced into 
the meshes of the connective tissue, in which it finds elements' 
for rapid proliferation, and produces its fatal effects. 
These facts are the results of experiments made by Messrs. 
Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas, and published in their excellent 
monogram on bacterian anthrax, for which they received the 
prizes of the Academie des Sciences and that of Society National© 
d’Agriculture of France. 
The first discovery of the true element and life of the bac¬ 
teridie is due to Pasteur. Arising at first, it may be said, as a 
result of his numerous researches on the subject of fermentation, 
they brought him later to prove the true nature of those contagi¬ 
ous diseases which by degrees are coming to be classed under the 
more positive name of parastic affections, and amongst which 
various affections of the silk worm, the pebrine and the flacherie, 
septicoemia, chicken cholera, hog cholera, etc., have been placed. 
The second discovery, that of the bacteria of symptomatic 
anthrax is, so to speak, but the consequence and fruit of the first. 
But with both discoveries a series of investigations and researches 
brought this great chemist and his followers to another of no less 
importance. I refer to the prophylaxy of these diseases. And it 
is thus that to-day we possess the same means of prevention 
against them that the human physician has a‘t his disposal for 
the protection of mankind from that terrible scourge of our race, 
