REVIEWS. 
417 
Three methods of operation are given : 1. Section of the 
cord immediately after opening the envelopes of the testes, which 
includes “ scraping, tearing, torsion, linear, crushing, by the 
ecraseur and firing by the actual cantery.” 2. Slow section by 
the ligature and clamps. 3. Crushing and double twisting with¬ 
out opening the scrotum—bloodless. 
These various methods are treated in detail, and special point 
is made of the dangers of each, and their application to different 
species of animals and to individuals. A number of cuts show 
the instruments used in torsion and the method of applying them, 
and will favor the introduction of a useful operation for young 
animals, too little employed in the United States. The ecraseur, 
House clamp and clamps for firing, are each described and pic¬ 
tured. The method by clamps, and especially the covered opera¬ 
tion, are described at length. Dr. Liautard believes that the 
safety of the operation by clamps more than compensates the 
owner for the second visit of the veterinary surgeon, which this 
method necessitates. The several operations for castration of 
cattle and other animals are described, and some of them may 
prove new and interesting to the American practitioner. It is to 
be regretted that Dr. Liautard has not devoted more space to the 
anatomy of cryptorchids, which he was so especially fitted to do. 
Th ree good plates give the types of the hidden testicle. The 
ordinary sequelae of the operation, the mode of healing and 
needed care of the animal are briefly reviewed. The complica¬ 
tions are thoroughly reviewed, commencing with the minor acci¬ 
dents of colics and tearing of clamps; detailed attention is given 
to champignon, but more would have been acceptable in the chap¬ 
ter on hernia. After reviewing the merits of the various methods 
of castration, the author decides for that of “castration by clamps,” 
“ it is easy and quick in its performance; performs the most cer¬ 
tain hemostasis upon the artery, and notwithstanding some slight 
objections, merits a preference over all others.” 
The chapter on castration of females will be a novelty to 
many Americans, and will remind others of their neglect of one 
of the valuable operations in veterinary surgery, which, in Europe, 
is a source of great profit to the dairyman. After a few words 
