518 
DR. ROGERS 
orate almost as rapidly as they show themselves. There is 
swelling of the glutei, hard and board-like in appearance. The 
horse is usually well on the road to recovery or dead within forty- 
eight hours. The temperature is elevated. 
Differential diagnosis —The conditions liable to be confounded 
with azoturia are apoplexy, simple paralysis due to nervous lesion, 
spinal and cerebro-spinal meningitis. From apoplexy it may he 
distinguished by the retention of the sensory functions, the absence 
of oral breathing and the character of the urine. From simple 
paralysis, by the fact that in azoturia neither sensation nor motion 
are totally in abeyance, and again by the characteristic urine. In 
paralysis caused by obstruction of the iliacs, examination of the 
aorta post and its quadrifurcation will establish the diagnosis, anil 
abnormal coldness of one or botli hind legs will lead the practi¬ 
tioner to make such examination. Again the urine. 
From cerebro-spinal meningitis it may be differentiated by the 
difference in temperature—in cerebro-spinal meningitis below nor¬ 
mal or normal, in azoturia always elevated; the swelling of the 
quarters is absent in cerebro-spinal meningitis, and there is usually 
difficulty in deglutition in cerebro-spinal meningitis, and often 
alterations in the higher sensory functions. The urine in cerebro¬ 
spinal meningitis may be dark, but is usually of a redder tint than 
in azoturia; microscopically the diagnosis is potent. We find 
bloody urine in cerebro-spinal meningitis; urine dark, from the 
presence of free hajmoglobine or its derivatives, in azoturia,—in 
spinal meningitis a rare condition. I have only seen four cases 
in a practice of five years. The symptoms are not usually fulmi¬ 
nant. If the animal is in harness there are short periods of great 
lameness amounting to mobility of progression, followed by the 
animal falling. There is a straddling squatty gait, the symptoms 
much aggravated by rectal examination (this also in azoturia), the 
horse often gets up and dcwn, has chronic spasms of the muscles 
of the entire body. These are very characteristic, as are also the 
intervals of ease. There is straddling and paddling of the hind 
legs as in kidney troubles, no hardness of the quarter and usually 
little discoloration of the urine. The struggles when down are 
not all confined to efforts to rise, as in the early stages of azoturia* 
