SUDRE’s ‘ RURI EUROPE ’ 
77 
sufficient material for it. And there is another consideration to be 
borne in mind. The two savants start from different centres, and 
group their experience each round his own centre. Of course, both 
methods are worth studying, but they cannot produce the same 
results—and neither can be final. 
Britain is, of course, in close relation with both France and 
Germany; and if I prefer Focke’s results to those of Sudre, it is not 
due to any reasoning from the nature of the case, but partly to 
Focke’s sounder methods and more slowly developed experience, and 
still more to the results of such tests as I am able to apply. To take 
an example: Sudre disallows JR. scaber Whe. & Nees as a British 
plant, though he sees that Focke knows the species. Focke, how¬ 
ever, saw the plant growing in England, on the very spot from 
which No. 124 in the set of British Bubi was gathered, and named 
it scaber. Sudre, from the dried specimen (No. 124) places our 
English form in an entirely different subsection (under fuliosus), as 
JR. conspectus Genev. ! I have, moreover, in my herbarium one of 
Focke’s own Minden specimens named scaber by him, and it is 
identical in every respect with a Middlesex gathering of my own. 
JR. nemoralis P. J. Muell. is an exactly parallel case, and I own 
myself entirely at a loss to understand why he identifies JR. affinis 
var. JBriyqsianus Bogers with JR. liolerytliros Focke. 
This sort of detail could be greatly amplified. But it is more 
profitable to say in conclusion that while I am sure that, as Moyle 
Bogers himself asserted, our British JRubi need some rearranging in 
themselves, and, still more, need to be correlated more completely with 
Continental forms, Focke is a far safer guide to British students than 
Sudre. 
SPITSBEBGEN LICHENS * 
By Bobert Paulson, F.L.S. 
The following notes refer to lichens collected by Mr. Victor S. 
Summerhayes during the months of June and July on the occasion of 
the Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen 1921. 
The specimens represent 27 genera and 68 species. With the 
exception of a very small number, which were crushed owing to their 
excessive brittleness when thoroughly dry, the collection is in excellent 
condition. It exhibits no traces of mildew, and no decided loss, or 
change in colour, due to the process of drying. Owing to the fact 
that two or three species of lichen are often attached to one stone, it 
has not been possible to place each of the species upon a separate 
mount for herbarium purposes. 
Most of the lichens are healthy, well-developed specimens and 
many are abundantly fertile as, for example, JLecanora epibryon , 
Lecidea lapicida , JBuellia disciformis , and JMJicroglcena sphinciri- 
noides ; but the most interesting feature respecting the healthy deve¬ 
lopment is that of the numerous examples of sporulation that one 
meets with in the gonidia of several species. From what we already 
* Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitzbergen, No. 26. 
