NOTES ON TITEACEiE 
S5 
generally known as Freziera —unless Freziera finds a place in the 
list of nomina conservanda .” This example illustrates the greater 
simplicity and convenience of the type-method. 
The International Rules unfortunately refer only incidentally to 
the question of types. Articles 45 and 47, however, seem to indicate 
that the application of generic and specific names should he deter¬ 
mined by means of the type-method. “ The name zFsculus must be 
kept for the species JEaculus Ilippocastanum L., as this is un¬ 
doubtedly the type of the genus.” “ Several species (Primula 
cashmiriana Munro, P. erosa Wall.) have been separated from 
Primula denticulata Sm. (Exot. Bot. ii. 109, t. 114), but the name 
P. denticulata has been rightly kept for the form which Smith 
described and figured under that name.” 
Messrs. Fawcett and Rendle adopt the view that when a genus is 
divided into two or more genera, and the generic name cannot be 
used for the one which included the type-species, then it must be 
applied to one of the others. This is contrary to the type-method, 
and does not appear to be warranted by the Rules. 
Under the type-method “the publication of a new generic name 
as an avowed substitute for an earlier one does not change the type 
of the genus” (Science, n. s. xlix. 334; 1919). Hence the type of 
Freziera is Froteum theceoides . If it is desired to preserve the 
historic usage of Freziera for the genus typified by Froteum undu- 
latum , this may be effected by treating Freziera as a nomen con- 
servatum with F. undulatum as a “substitute type” (see Journ. 
Bot. 1922, 112, 134). 
The Editor has kindly given us the opportunity of adding a few 
remarks on Mr. Sprague’s notes. We differ from Mr. Sprague in 
his view on the qualifications for nomina conservanda and the mean¬ 
ing of “ confusion.” The name Ternstroemiaceee is used in the 
Indian and Colonial Floras, in the latest edition ol Gray’s Manual 
of the Forth American Flora, and by Urban in his most recently- 
issued work on the West Indian flora (Symbolce Antillance , viii. 
1922) in place of Theacece used in his earlier work (see Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb. xxi. 521, 1896). 
As regards the use of Cleyera , we see no reason to change our 
position. As to Froteum and Freziera, we suggest that though it may 
be possible for present-day workers to fix on one species as a type for 
the genus, yet Swartz’s genus undoubtedly included the two genera 
which are now regarded as distinct, in which case we are bound b} r 
the Rules to use the earliest name for one or other of them. 
W. Fawcett : A. B. Rendle. 
