92 
OLDS & WHIPPLE, Inc. 
As an example, the life of the coming moth is divided into a cycle of four stages, (note chart carefully) cer¬ 
tain periods of which it is vulnerable and other when it is protected. The egg is laid on or near the young ap¬ 
ple. The caterpillai or apple worm is hatched from the egg and eats its way through the blossom into the apple, 
this being the only stage when the insect grows. In the third or resting stage the caterpillar has changed to 
the pupa under the bark of the tree while in the fourth adult or moth stage reproduction takes place and another 
cycle of the codling moth begins. 
JAN 
FEB 
MAR 
APR 
MAY 
HATCHING OF EGGS SPRING BROOD 
LARVAE LEAVING APPLES TO PUPATE 
SEP 
OCT 
NOV 
WINTERING LARVAE 
i 
BR 
PUPATION OF SPRING 
SPRING BROOD OF MOTH 
EGG-LAYING OF SPRING 
BR 
DEC 
00D 
S 
OOD 
if 
ft HIB 
ERNAT 
PUPATION OF SUMMER BROOD 
MOTH* EMERGENCE** 
EGG-LAYING OF *t 
vt 
it 
if 
HATCHING OF EGGS** 
SUMMER BROOD LARVAE LEAVING APPLES 
WINTERING LARVAE Jst. & 2nd BROODS 
The above Chart pictures the stages of development of the codling moth during the different 
months of the year. Note—there are normally two broods at Wooster, Ohio. In some parts of the 
United States there are more than two broods per season. Courtesy Ohio Agricultural Experi¬ 
ment Station. 
This clearly shows why we should spray poison for this chewing insect just after the blossoms have fallen and 
before the calyx closes, a period of about a week, so that the poison will be waiting for the caterpillar, as it 
starts to enter into the apple and its first bite may be its last. If, however, the caterpillar should escape this 
first poisoning, the other stages of the codling moth will follow and reproduction will take place, which explains 
the necessity of spraying again at later periods in order to destroy the second generation of the insects which 
multiply very fast if left alone. 
PROPER SEASON TO SPRAY FOR SUCKING INSECTS 
With the sucking insects such as San Jose Scale, treatment ought to be made when the trees are dormant, 
because of the caustic nature of the mixture used. Thus spraying for the sucking insects should be conducted in 
the fall after the leaves have dropped from the trees, when not freezing 
in winter or before the buds open in the spring. Fall and winter spraying 
have not been indulged in to any great extent in many localities, although 
much can be said in favor of these seasons, as the scale insects are not 
yet entirely dormant and the prevailing fair weather and usual slackness 
of work give better opportunities. However, the danger of injury to 
fruit buds and twigs especially from the use of mineral oils and whale- 
oil soap is unquestionably greater and it is generally conceded that in 
the case of lime-sulphur wash, notably better results follow spraying late 
in spring, to insure as large an amount of spray on the trees as pos¬ 
sible during early summer, and thus destroy any young scales from 
adults which may have escaped destruction. But in either fall or spring 
there exists the advantage of the absence of foliage, thus permitting 
stronger and more thorough applications than during the growing seasons. 
And thoroughness is the prime essential in making these applications, 
San Jose Scale (Greatly Enlarged). covering every part of the tree from top to bottom, as only those Insects 
Courtesy Ohio Agricultural Experi- coming into actual contact with the spray are killed, 
cnent Station. 
