CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 
93 
Fungous diseases are parasitic consisting of plants or growths 
of low form, which live on other living plants. Examples, 
apple and pear scab; black, brown and bitter rot, mildew, etc. 
These diseases are disseminated almost wholly by the means of 
spores, which are extremely small, disk-like bodies correspond¬ 
ing to the seed of higher plants and are usually borne on the 
surface. These spores are produced in great abundance and 
each one is capable of starting a new fungus. They are car¬ 
ried from one plant to another by means of wind, water and 
insects. For fungous diseases, then, a spray is required which 
will kill the spores and the important point is to commence 
spraying with fungicides before the disease presents itself, as 
spraying for fungous diseases is a preventive rather than a 
cure. For this purpose the combination of lime and blue vitrol, 
known as Bordeaux mixture, is the principal remedy. Here 
again thoroughness is of the utmost importance. 
With the fungous diseases spraying is more particularly a 
preventive measure and should be done when the trees are 
dormant, or while the spores are existing on the outside of 
plants in order to destroy those fungous seed spores that have 
Oyster Shell Bark Louse (Slightly Enlarged). held over and before th(1 y have taken root . when the y can ' 
Courtesy Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. not be controlled. Caustic washes are used and should have 
their causticity neutralized if used while the trees are in foliage. About 70 per cent of fungous difficulties are 
upon the underside of the leaves or twigs and when spraying for diseases of this type this should be borne in min 
so that every part of the tree is reached. Particular care should be exercised when spraying trees to insur 
FUNGUS DISEASES 
perfect coverage. 
SHADE TREES, ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBBERY 
Larva of the white marked tussock moth 
—a common pest of shade trees. Courtesy 
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. 
In residential sections, in parks and country estates where shade 
and ornamental trees are to be found in large numbers, insects and 
other diseases have been especially destructive, and the problem of 
destroying them has become one of national scope. Power driven 
spraying equipment is being used more and more for this purpose while 
bulletin after bulletin has been issued by our agricultural and experi¬ 
mental stations giving accurate information and instructions as to how 
and when to carry on spraying operations at the right seasons of 
the year. These bulletins are available 
to anyone who has trees or shrubbery 
to protect against the inroads of in¬ 
sects and other tree diseases and can 
be had for the asking by writing your 
own agricultural college or experiment 
station. 
Cottony maple scale. (Slightly 
enlarged). Courtesy Ohio A. E. 
Sta. 
WINTER SPRAYING 
The winter or dormant spray should never be neglected for both scale and leaf curl are 
widely disseminated over the Country and soon gain a foothold in orchards where the win¬ 
ter spray is not part of the yearly program. Under average conditions, this spray is prob¬ 
ably the most important one that the orchardist can give his trees, as it takes but a short 
time for either of these enemies to make serious inroads in the orchard. Fortunately, both 
of them can be controlled by a single thorough application each winter, of concentrated 
lime-sulphur. If every apple or peach grower could but appreciate the benefits of this one 
spray, the fruit crop would take a jump forward. The winter spray is probably worth its 
cost in the sanitary effect alone. 
Material for Winter Spray—Concentrated lime-sulphur applied when the trees are dormant 
will effectively eradicate both the scale and leaf curl. The miscible oils will control the 
scale, but are not effective against the curl, and so lime-sulphur constitutes the economi¬ 
cal winter spray for peaches. Concentrated lime-sulphur may be bought as a ready-made, 
commercial preparation or it may be prepared at home; *in either case it is diluted for use. 
The concentrated lime-sulphur should not be confused with the self-boiled lime-sulphur, 
which is a different preparation and used for an entirely different purpose. 
The winter spray may be applied at any time in the late fall, winter or early spring while 
the trees are yet dormant. The material should be diluted according to its strength; the 
spray solution should test five degrees Baume. The ordinary commercial material testing 
32 degrees Baume will require a dilution of one gallon of lime-sulphur to eight gallons of 
water. Thoroughness is an absolute essential to successful spraying. Every branch and twig 
should be thoroughly coated with the spray, if the scale insects and the spores of the leaf 
curl are to be killed. 
