Fusarium Cepae, ein neuer Zwiebelpilz Japans, usw. 
13 
Bacillen sind weiß, eine ist fluorescierend und verflüssigend, die andere nicht ver¬ 
flüssigend. Colonien der Coccen sind gelb und orangegelb. 
Die fäulniserregende Bacterienart ist dem Bacterium fluorescens (Flügge) Lehm. 
et Neum. sehr ähnlich, sie verflüssigt Gelatine, Milch wird peptonisiert. Bei Micro- 
coccus sulfureus Zimm.? findet man unter der gesunden Schale kleine gelbliche Colonien. 
Dieser Micrococcus ist kein Fäulniserreger. 
Tafelerklärung. 
Fig. 1. Erkrankte Zwiebel. — Fig. 2. Blattstück der erkrankten Zwiebelpflanzen. 
— Fig. 3. Erstes Stadium der Erkrankung. — Fig. 4. Eine Pflanze mit erkrankten 
und gesunden Zwiebeln. — Fig. 5. Zwiebel mit Sclerotien. — Fig. 6. Erkranktes 
Blattstück. 
Homology of the “universal veil“ in Agarieus. 
By GEO. F. ATKIXSOX, Ithaca N. Y. 
(With 3 plates.) 
Confusioii in the use of the term „universal veil*\ 
In his Systema Mycologicum Fries 1 ) used the term “universal veil” 
only in the cliagnosis of the sections Amanita , and Lepiota. It appears 
quite evident that his interpretation of this structure was tliat of an ex- 
ternal zone, present even in the young fruit body, discrete from the 
pileus in Amanita (p. 13) and forming a volva, but concrete with the 
pileus in Lepiota (p. 19) and forming an annulus. It may be open to 
question whether or not Fries actually understood the real nature of 
the Situation in regard to this external zone in Amanita and Lepiota. 
I am inclined to believe that he did not, except as it applied to the 
later stages of development in Amanita , and to certain species of Lepiota. 
This, however, is not surprising, since the true homology of these struc- 
tures can only be determined by careful studies of development from the 
earliest stages of differentiation of the sporophore or basidiocarp. Düring 
Fries’ time it was quite impossible to do this with the degree of ac- 
curacy which is now obtainable. 
A number of later students have made a wider application of the 
term (“universal veil”), extending it to other genera, among which is the 
genus Agarieus (Psalliota Fries). In the diagnosis of Psalliota Cooke 2 ) 
uses the term in the same sense as Fries did in Lepiota , where he 
says, “Veil universal, concrete with the cuticle of the pileus, and fixed to 
the stem, forming a ring”. Smith 3 ) employs almost the same words in 
his characterization of Psalliota , “Veil universal, concrete with the cuticle 
1) Fries, E., Syst. Myc. 1, 9, 13, 19, 1821. 
2) Cooke, M. C., Handbook of British Fungi 1, 136, 137, 1871. 
3) Smith, W. G., Synopsis Brit. Basid. 170, 1908. 
