62 
ROBERT MEADE SMITH. 
366 died in the lion-inoculated group of 12,938. But when tiie 
inoculations were completed, in the first group the mortality fell 
to five and then ceased, while it continued at its usual rate in the 
non-protected group.” 
In Hungary, also, Pasteur’s process of protective vaccina¬ 
tion against anthrax was examined by a royal commission. Ten 
cattle and sixty sheep were allowed for the experiments; half 
were vaccinated with attenuated virus, brought from Pasteur’s 
laboratory in Paris to Budapesth, without (except one case that 
died from clearly distinct cause) producing any visible disturb¬ 
ance of health. All the animals were then inoculated with 
anthrax spores. Of the protected animals only three died, and 
of these cases death in two instances was attributed to other 
causes; none were attacked with anthrax. But of the unpro¬ 
tected animals, out of twenty-five sheep twenty-three died within 
a week, with well-pronounced anthrax symptoms in twenty-two, 
the death in the other cases being due to parasitic disease of the 
liver. Of the cattle experiments, those unprotected by vaccination 
were all more or less affected by the anthrax inoculation, though 
in no case fatally, while the protected animals remained perfectly 
unaffected. 
Similar results were also obtained in Kapuvar. Forty-four 
protected and fifty unprotected sheep were inoculated with 
virulent anthrax germs ; of the former group three were attacked 
with anthrax, which was fatal in only one instance ; of the fifty 
unprotected sheep, forty-eight died within four days, of anthrax. 
Were these results the only points born of this method of ex¬ 
periment, its value could not be overestimated. But anthrax is only 
a single example of what has been accomplished. In many other 
cases nearly as valuable and decided results have been obtained, 
and in others, if the anti-vivisectionists do not have their way, we 
have every hope of soon acquiring as great power as we already 
possess in the case of anthrax. 
Chicken-cholera is a disease as fatal to poultry as anthrax is 
to cattle, and it also has been found to be due to the presence of 
a bacillus, which is capable of cultivation, in which process it 
loses its virulence, and when inoculated in healthy poultry, con¬ 
fers immunity from the disease. For this discovery, also, we 
