COLICS IN CATTLE. 
69 
for what it is worth. When an animal is evidently affected with 
colic, it will in our view, be an easy matter to refer the attack' to 
one of the designated groups, and the disease thus classified, its 
true nature ought easily to be positively determined. 
Chapter II. 
GENERAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF COLICS—THEIR DIFFERENTIAL 
DIAGNOSIS AND ETIOLOGY. 
1. General Symptoms of Colics .—Generally the onset of 
colic is sudden, if not instantaneous; at times, however, the 
attack begins by the patient manifesting a degree of dullness 
while he gazes at his flanks, and stands back at the end of the 
rope or chain of his halter. But whether appearing suddenly, or 
developing slowly, the patient soon becomes more or less rest¬ 
less ; he paws and stamps on the ground ; pulls his bedding back ; 
twists his body; flexes his fore-legs; brings all his feet together; 
tries to lie down, yet does so with hesitation, and soon rises again 
suddenly, or rolls himself, while stretching all his four legs; or 
again, remains down, either on his back, or resting flatly on his 
side. In some forms of colics, the animal, when lying down, ex¬ 
presses his suffering by moaning or grunting loudly. In all 
cases, the countenance is anxious and contracted, the nostrils 
dilated, the eyes widely opened and fixed, with an expression in¬ 
dicating the pain which he suffers; all his movements and strug¬ 
gles are more or less violent, according to the degree of pain 
which he endures. In some animals thes6 symptoms are of long 
continuance and persistency, and there is no intermission in the 
restless and wearisome motion ; the twisting of the body; the 
stamping; the lying down and rising up, and other indications of 
the pain which has attacked the vitals of the tortured victim, and 
for which he is vainly seeking relief in his contortions and strug¬ 
gles. But occasionally, the disease is marked with distinct inter¬ 
missions, which are manifested by true alternations and accesses 
of violence, more or less characteristic. During the remissions, 
the patient remains quiet in his stall, or stretched on his bedding, 
at times still grunting uneasily, as an expression of the suffering 
he is enduring. Every individual, however, has his own peculiar 
form of attack, and his special mode of exhibiting liis distress, 
