DISEASES OF THE HEART IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
455 
alone in the endocardium, but it extends to the adjacent cellular 
substance. The present exudation affects not only the upper 
layer of the pericardium, but penetrates through its permeable 
texture. 
Endocarditis is manifest in the following manner: 
1. Hyperamic, injection and sanguiuous hue are to be found in 
the first stages of the disease, and if death follows suddenly, it is 
apparent on the valves and endocardium. In most cases this san- 
guinness becomes unrecognizable, due to the turbidity which soon 
ensues. 
2. Turbidity and darkening of the endocardium, which is 
non-transparent and cloudy in different places, and appears un¬ 
evenly tumefied. These turbid aud thickened places are caused 
by the deposit of the inflammation product in the endocardium, 
and are not bordered nor circumscribed, but disappear in the 
surface of the tissues. At such places the endocardium loses its 
smoothness and gloss; it becomes pale, rough and felt-like. The 
deposit of exudation is often so important, that it softens the 
whole inner lining of the heart. Its texture is then easily torn 
and the true endocardium easily detached. Such loosening of 
the fibrous tissue of the valves occurs in inflammation of the 
valves; lacerations of the relaxed valve tissues are then frequent. 
In endocarditis the exudation is important, no matter if the 
inflammation affects the lining of the heart or valves. 
As soon as the epithelium is pushed off, the surface becomes 
wrinkled aud loses its cohesiveness; then it generally appears 
covered with fine warty, lamellar like layers of fibrine, in conse¬ 
quence of which calcification is apt to take place. If such coag¬ 
ulations be carried with the blood and accumulate in the liver, 
spleen or kidneys, they give rise to metastatic abscesses. 
Quite frequently protuberances from the layers of cellular 
tissue of the inner membrane are to be found beneath the fibrinous 
coagulations which appear in form of small warts, but can event¬ 
ually shrivel up. Thickening and chalky concretions, particu¬ 
larly on the valves, are conditions which indicate the final 
metamorphose of the exudation. Transformation of the exuda¬ 
tion into pus is a rare event, still it can be met with as infiltrated 
