Xll 
Index 
Figures. 
2. 
i -i r. 
i2-19. 
20 - 35 - 
36 51. 
PAGE 
The same, with the leaves removed from one side (Petch and Gadd) . . . 447 
Longitudinal section through the stem of the same plant, almost medially through 
the growing-point (Petch and Gadd) ........ 448 
Matthiola incana. 1. Young siliqua before fertilization viewed from the front, 
showing the double contour line of the suture, and crosswise to the suture the two 
stigmatic loops. 2. Young siliqua shortly after fertilization viewed from the side, 
showing one valve and development of the sutural knobs. 3. Apex of siliqua seen 
from the front, showing the horizontal ridge delimiting the valves. 4. The same 
seen from above, showing the short stylar canal. 5. A later stage seen from the 
side ; the sutural knobs have now met. 6. The same seen from above. 7. Inter¬ 
mediate stage seen from the side, showing the ridge defining the valve. 8. Apex 
of a siliqua in which the sutural lines are carried up on to the shoulders of the 
knob. 9. Siliqua in which the carpels are disjoined above, seen from the front. 
10. Apex of a similar siliqua seen obliquely from above and from the front. 
11. Transverse section of young siliqua (Saunders) .453 
Ditto. 12. A straight 4-valved siliqua slightly asymmetrical with four orthogonal 
valves and four diagonal commissures. 13, 14. Two coiled 4-valved fruits; the 
lateral valve on the one (concave) side imperfectly developed with ruptured 
edges, hence the spiral form of the siliqua. 15. A small 4-valved siliqua with 
four orthogonal valves, of which the two median show rupture of the tissues, one 
being torn completely across. 16. Apex of the same, showing the stigmatic 
area formed by three of the valves ; the fourth valve ends a little below without 
forming a stigma. 17. (Semi-diagrammatic.) Apex of a symmetrical 4-valved 
siliqua, showing the four sutural knobs, the outline of the two lateral valves 
right and left, the central cavity, and the stigmatic surfaces forming a double 
figure of 8. 18. Transverse section of a young 4-valved siliqua, showing the 
formation of two septa by the four diagonal solid carpels. 19. Transverse 
section of a siliqua composed of four valves and three commissures (Saunders) 459 
Ditto. 20. A curved 3-valved siliqua with one lateral valve on the convex side 
and one of the pair of diagonal valves with ruptured edges on the concave side. 
21. A similar 3-valved fruit seen from the side, showing partial rupture of the 
edges of the two diagonal valves. 22, 23. Very young 3-valved siliqua with the 
two diagonal valves completely disjoined. 22. Seen from the side of the lateral 
valve. 23. Seen from the opposite side, showing the disjunction of the diagonal 
valves. 24-6. Apex of a 3-valved siliqua with valves disjoined at the apex. 
24. Seen from above; the dotted lines indicate the positions of the three com¬ 
missures. 25-6. Different views of the same seen from the side. 27. Transverse 
section of a symmetrical fruit with three valves and three commissures. 28. 
Transverse section of a siliqua with one lateral and two diagonal valves which 
have fused at their midribs and formed a wing (cut away). 29. Transverse section 
of a similar siliqua ; the two diagonal valves after fusing at their midribs have 
separated again for a short distance and then reunite to form a two-winged edge. 
30. A 2-valved siliqua, seen from the side, with a projecting rib extending the 
whole length of one commissure and terminating just below the sutural knob 
in a short process. 31. Lower end of the same siliqua seen from the front, 
showing the rib in the centre of the commissure. 32. Upper end of the same, 
showing the stigmatic area ; a second small cavity (stylar canal) has been formed 
over the projecting rib. 33. Transverse section of the same siliqua, showing 
a triarch outline to the commissure carrying the projecting rib and three vascular 
cords. 34. Lower end of a siliqua, showing the development of a median valve 
3 mm. above the lateral valves. 35. Transverse section of the same, showing the 
development of a small third loculus corresponding to the median valve 
(Saunders) .461 
36-7. Biscutella frutescens. 36. Transverse section of the fruit, showing the ovule¬ 
bearing valves. 37. Ripe fruit, showing that the valve carpels contribute to the 
formation of the short style. 38, 39. (Diagrammatic.) Showing Lindley’s idea 
