172 Samuels.—A Pathological Anatomical Study of 
of further direct use.’ The expression ‘ storehouses 5 certainly gives the 
impression that the nucleolus contains reserve products, which are stored in 
them to be used later for a specific purpose. 
Carnoy and Le Brun (4, 5, 6 ) stated, as a result of their investigations 
on the germinal vesicle of Amphibia, that the nucleoli represent products 
from which the chromosomes are derived. 
Botanists, more especially Zimmermann (67), Reinke , 1 Went , 1 
Farmer , 1 also O. Hertwig 1 and others, agree to this view-point. 
Strasburger and his school, who were at first of the opinion that the 
nucleolus is used especially as construction material for spindles, accepted 
later the dominating theory at that time, that the nucleolus is of impor¬ 
tance as the source of chromatin. Although the authors mentioned observe 
the superposition and the approximation of the nucleolus to the chromatin 
substance, particularly in the spireme stage, other investigators were able 
to determine its position along the nuclear wall and separated from the 
chromatin substance. 
Schurhoff (57), who adheres to the theory that the chromatin is derived 
from the nucleolus, says on p. 56 of his paper: ‘ Das Stadium der Synapsis 
ist nun dadurch ausgezeichnet, dass sich die Gesamtheit aller fadigen 
Elemente des Kerns dem Kernkorperchen anlegt. Wenn wir hier von den 
verschiedenen Theorien, die sich auf die Wechselwirkungen der einzelnen 
Chromosomen beziehen, absehen wollen, so lasst sich andererseits nicht in 
Abrede stellen, dass es in diesem Stadium zu lebhaften Beziehungen der 
kiinftigen Chromosomen zu dem Kernkorperchen kommt.’ On p. 57 of his 
paper, however, he says regarding the behaviour of nucleoles during syn¬ 
apsis in the embryo-sac mother-cell of L ilium Mart agon : ‘ Allerdings beob- 
achten wir im Stadium der Synapsis regelmassig, dass das Kernkorperchen 
der Kernwand direkt anliegt, so dass wahrend dieses Stadiums ein Auftreten 
von nucleolar Substanz nicht ausgeschlossen ware, doch finden sich im 
umgebenden Zytoplasma keine Anzeichen fiir eine derartige Abgabe von 
Substanz . 5 In this Schurhoff contradicts himself. Between the chromatin 
substance and the nucleoles of the nuclei of the connective tissue of the 
pollen sac of Arum maculatum , he observed threads which join them and 
which after staining take the same colour as the chromatin, according to the 
statement on p. 63 of the same paper. As soon as the chromatin increases 
its staining power the nucleolus loses its intensive colour. On account of 
these two observations I believe that the threads are nothing more than 
chromatin formed from the substance of the nucleoli. 
Even though the staining of the nuclear material is the same as the 
chromatin, it is very difficult to accept Schiirhoff’s opinion that both are 
the same chemical substance. It may be possible that the threads are 
1 Mentioned by Zimmermann. 
