178 Samuels.—A Pathological Anatomical Study of 
through by the increased physical pressure in one or both of the cells, the 
fusion of the nuclei takes place. 
5. The large nucleus resulting from the fusion of these nuclei keeps its 
more or less round form as long as it shows a tendency towards fusion. 
It may be amoeboid, spiral, and lobed, and takes up a position along the cell 
wall, and very often at one end of the hypertrophied cell. 
6. During the fusion of the nuclei several calcium oxalate crystal 
colonies are formed in different positions immediately around the hyper¬ 
trophied nucleus. 
7. At the end of the crystal formation in the symplast the nucleus 
takes a prolonged or oval form, while the nucleolus enlarges considerably, 
the nucleus becoming thereby homogeneous. Finally, the hypertrophied 
nucleus dissolves and the crystal colonies remain in the cyst cell or 
symplast. 
8. From the latter it appears clear that the behaviour of the nucleus, 
i. e. the cell and nuclear fusion, is in relation to the separation of the 
different crystal regions. 
9. It appears also, from the increase in size of the nucleolus at the end 
of the struggle for existence by the nucleus of the symplast, that the 
nucleolus is only an end product of metabolism. 
10. The formation of these symplasts is an extraordinary pathological 
phenomenon ; it is the first case known in which the formation of calcium 
oxalate crystal colonies is accompanied by cell and nuclear fusion. 
In conclusion, I wish to extend my thanks to Drs. N. Kopeloff, 
H. C. Sands, and Henry Keller for their friendly help in preparing this 
paper for publication. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATE II. 
Illustrating Dr. Samuels’s paper on Anthurium. 
The drawings were made with an Abbe apparatus from sections of the affected parenchymatous 
tissue taken from the perianth leaf of Anthurium Scherzeriarium. 
Fig. 1. Beginning of the formation of the hypertrophied cell which may be distinguished from 
neighbouring cells by the extraordinary content of plasma and the size of the nucleus immediately 
following the fusion process. Oil immersion, ocular 8. 
Fig. 2. The fusion of several nuclei in a young cyst. Oil immersion, ocular 8. 
Fig. 3. The fusion of two large cyst nuclei lying in a plasma ring. Oil immersion, ocular 12. 
Fig. 4. The union of two large cyst nuclei which are lying in a plasma ring. Oil immersion, 
ocular 12. 
