332 Szabd .— The Development of the Flower of the Dipsacaceae. 
fig. 3. The single figures of drawing 4 show different levels, the situation of 
which is indicated by numbered lines in Text-fig. 5. 
Text-fig. 4, 1, shows the ground-plan of the flower at the level of the 
stigma where the stamens branch off. The involucel is shown as 
lengthened as far as this level. The involucel 
is gamophyllous with four median-transverse 
lobes ; this is followed by the united calyx 
and alternately by the corolla, and the middle 
bundle has also been figured in each of them. 
Now it is obvious that the carpel zone, 
following on the four diagonally situated 
stamens (indicated by the four circles), 
apparently consists of a single carpel only, 
but it has three vascular bundles, one of them 
median-posterior and two transverse, the 
median-anterior being missing. 
Text-fig. 4, 2, shows the insertion of the 
calyx on the top of the inferior ovary. At 
this level there are to be seen all eight vas¬ 
cular bundles of the ‘eustele’: the four 
median-transverse petal-bundles ( c) and the 
four diagonal bundles of the stamens and 
calyx (a 4 - k). Three bundles which originate 
in the style do not join the bundles g, but 
three of the ^-bundles form a separate eustele 
which has been thrust away from the centre 
in a backwards or diagonal direction. This 
change of position is intelligible when we 
consider that the middle of the axis has 
been occupied by the cavity which opens 
into the inner part of the ovary, which is 
relatively important at the beginning of 
development (PI. VII, Figs. 10-13). At 
a little lower level the funicular bundle 0 of 
the pendent ovule enters, just at the point 
where the missing fourth bundle, g, would be situated (Text-fig. 4, 3 
and 4). 
The distribution of the vascular bundles shown in Text-fig. 4, 4, 
above, is characteristic for the whole ovary. Throughout the whole 
length of the wall of the ovary, all the eight vascular bundles are to be 
found situated in the median-transverse and diagonal planes, there 
being bundles of the whorls of the calyx, corolla, and stamens. Further, 
in the posterior-median or diagonal region the ‘ ninth- vascular bundle’, 
Text-fig. 5. A sketch of the 
longitudinal section of the flower of 
Cephalaria, showing the union of the 
vascular bundles. The double lines 
I-VI indicate the different levels at 
which the diagrams of Text-fig. 4 were 
taken. The right half of the drawing 
represents the median-posterior plane, 
the left half shows the diagonal 
plane ; a, the vascular bundles of 
the stamens; c, those of the 
corolla ; g, those of" the ovary; 
i, those of the involucel; k , those 
of the calyx; <r, those of the ovule, 
which have been indicated by inter¬ 
rupted lines. 
