6 
GEORGE FLEMING. 
ACTINOMYKOSIS: A NEW INFECTIOUS' DISEASE OF ANIMALS 
AND MANKIND.* 
By George Fleming, F.K.C.V.S., Army Veterinary Inspector. 
(Continued from p. 536, Vol. 6.) 
These are the chief symptoms when the tongue is the seat of 
the disease. The pimple-like excrescences are often only the 
size of a pin’s head or a millet seed, but they are more frequently 
larger—from the size of a cherry to that of a walnut, or even 
greater. The inflammation (if any is present) and interstitial 
induration appear to proceed from the surface towards the cen¬ 
tre, and the growth of the nodules takes place rapidly; and this 
is evidently proven from the circumstance attending their reap¬ 
pearance when they have been removed by operation. Mr. 
James has noticed this speedy reproduction, as in a letter to me 
he writes: “ I am of opinion that most of the nodules or tuber¬ 
cles found in the substance of the tongue come to the surface at 
some time or other. For when treating such a tongue (as the one 
he first sent), we find sometimes that we have succeeded in curing 
the ulcers on the surface, but the next day or two we see a regu¬ 
lar crop of ulcers and nodules on the surface again, and the poor 
animal protruding its tongue several inches from the mouth.” 
The appearance of the tongue, then, is characteristic of the 
affection, whether inspected while the animal is alive, or exam¬ 
ined after death. 
In the great majority of cases, there are perceived a more or 
less considerable number of prominences, on the dorsum most 
frequently, on one or both sides of the tongue, or over the whole 
of its surface; these look like nodules or tubercles, sometimes 
like warty excrescences flattened on the top, and vary in size 
from a millet-seed, a hemp-seed, or a pea, to that of a walnut; 
they may be single or in clusters. The tongue is enlarged, indu¬ 
rated, “ lumpy,” often more or less extensively ulcerated in one 
or more places; there is very considerable hypertrophy of the 
submucous and interstitial connective tissue; atrophy or degene- 
’From the Veterinary Journal. 
