8 
GEORGE FLEMING. 
middle of the tongue, between the circumvallate papillae; the 
others were on each side, towards the margin of the tongue, the 
left being the largest—12.90 centimeters long and 5.90 centime¬ 
ters broad. In making a longitudinal section through the tongue, 
the tissues offered great resistance to the knife, and the cut sur¬ 
face exhibited an immense number of greyish and yellowish-white 
opaque nodules, imbedded in patches in the pale-red muscular 
tissue, many of them projecting beyond the level; their size was 
between that of a linseed and a florin. The largest of these 
patches was somewhat oval in form, and penetrated, in a stellate 
fashion, deeply into the tongue substance, as if following the 
course of the muscular fibres. The upper surface of the section 
was moderately moist, and studded with a number of millet-sized 
yellow nodules. The apex of the tongue was the only part of the 
organ free from these bodies. The weight of the fresh tongue 
was 2,430 grammes (5 lbs. 7 oz.). All the other parts of the cow, 
according to Enke, were healthy. Microscopical examination of 
the new formations or nodules proved them to be composed of 
masses or tufts of the Actinomyces , between the tufts being an 
abundance of lime salts. The tissue of the tumors had a kind of 
sarcomatous appearance, but there could be no doubt whatever as 
to the nature of the disease. 
Actinomykosis of the Bones of the Jaws* 
I have already given Bollinger’s description of the disease, as 
it affects the bones of the jaws. Not unfrequently we have the 
tongue and jaw, or jaws, affected simultaneously or consecu¬ 
tively—generally the latter. The tumor which forms on or in 
the bone is apparently of a sarcomatous or fibro-sarcomatous 
character, according as the actinomykosis is periosteal or mye¬ 
loid. It often commences in the alveoli of the jaw, and thence 
* Gamgee (Dairy Stock) undoubtedly alludes to this affection, though he was 
unaware of its pathology. He writes: “ In youug cattle there is a somewhat 
frequent disease termed by some veterinary surgeons * osteo-sarcoma,’ ‘ spina- 
ventosa/ and other inappropriate names. The only term I can give it is fibro¬ 
plastic degeueratiou of bone. There is no recognized cause of the disease. It 
occurs most readily from two to five or six years of age, aud affects steers in 
preference to bulls; the lower jaw is most frequently seized in the vicinity of 
