12 
GEORGE FLEMING. 
also in individuals and in the different neoplasmata, as is shown 
by the representations given of it under these circumstances. He 
was doubtful as to the channel by which it found its way into the 
tissues—whether by an excoriation, ulceration, or fissure in the 
gums, or (which seemed more probable) rather by an ulcer or fis¬ 
tulous opening at the lower margin of the jaw. 
Subsequent to the date of Bollinger’s published observations, 
Johne had examined thirteen of these cases of myeloid actin- 
omykosis of the jaw (presumably of cattle); ten of these were 
fresh specimens, and three were old specimens preserved in spirit. 
Eleven were of the lower jaw, one of the upper jaw, and only one 
of both jaws. All had evidently a central origin (<centralen 
ursprung ), though in some cases the disease may have com¬ 
menced in the periosteal tissue. He describes cases of myeloid 
actinomvkosis belonging to the former, and periosteal actino- 
mykosis denoting the latter. He also mentions a case of fibro¬ 
sarcoma of the lower jaw of an ox, in which the tumor was the 
size of two fists, round, fungous, and fibrous, and which arose 
from the alveolar periosteum of the middle incisors; it lay be¬ 
neath the mucous membrane, and produced great thickening of 
the lip ; another instance of fibrous tumor of the gum, apparently 
of new formation, the size of a lien’s egg, which grew from the 
periosteum at the interior aspect of the junction of the two por¬ 
tions of the lower jaw, at the lower half of the alveolar border. 
The stroma of the tumor was three millimeters thick, and the 
mass, like that of the last tumor, contained “ nests ” (nester) of 
Actinomycetes. He likewise alludes to an apparently fibro-sar- 
comatous tumor on the margin of the gum of the lower jaw of 
a pig ; a tumor [about the size of a pigeon’s egg, involving the 
tongue, and springing directly from the periosteum on the upper 
surface of both branches of the jaw. In the more dense fibrous 
tissues, less in the spongy stroma, were many conglomerations of 
nodules the size of a millet-seed, containing the Actinomyces in 
clusters, many of which were calcified. 
Actinomykosis of the Fauces. 
The disease generally appears in this region in the form of 
submucous new formations, or polypi, which have been classed with 
