38 
PLEUROPNEUMONIA IN CATTLE. 
the ground of excess, as we are now losing yearly by this disease 
nearly if not quite double the amount asked; and this yearly 
drain would be completely stopped in one year, or two at most, 
under the application of the measures proposed. Moreover, the 
neglect of this matter in the face of the growing trade in eastern 
calves and store cattle destined to the west, may any day increase 
our annual losses from units to tens of millions, and even pass it 
beyond the power of State or nation to eradicate. 
NECESSITY FOR QUARANTINE OF IMPORTED RUMINANTS AND SWINE. 
Without desiring to travel outside of our prescribed duty of 
advising on the lung plague of cattle, we do not feel justified in 
ignoring the danger of the possible introduction of rinderpest, 
aphthous fever, &c., by other than bovine animals. The deadly 
plague of the Old World known by the German name of rinder¬ 
pest, agrees with lung plague in being observed to occur only as 
the result of contagion, but differs from it in this important par¬ 
ticular, that all ruminating animals and also peccaries are suscepti¬ 
ble to it. Fortunately, with the exception of Angora and Cash- 
mere goats, ruminants are not likely to be imported from countries 
where rinderpest at present prevails, save as objects of curiosity or 
for exhibition. Yet as this disastrous scourage might be imported 
with these animals, and as the importation of ruminants from the 
countries infected is so infrequent, the necessary precautions should 
be adopted, as they may be without any serious inconvenience. 
The countries where rinderpest prevails more or less constantly 
are Russia, Turkey, the whole of Asia, the East India Islands, and 
probably Japan. Aphthous fever, imported into Yew York on the 
steamer France in 1881, by reason of the use on board ship of the 
halters which had been previously employed to tie infected Euro¬ 
pean cattle, exists in most of the countries of Europe, and in 
Buenos Ayres, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. Like rin¬ 
derpest it attacks all ruminants, but unlike it, it affects readily all 
cloven-footed annuals, and, much less readily, other animals. 
To insure safety, therefore, from these two diseases, it is impor¬ 
tant that all ruminants and swine imported from any country out¬ 
side of North America should be subjected to a quarantine of ten 
