ACTINOMYKOSIS 
161 
find their way into the oesophagus, stomach and intestines, or into 
the bronchi and lungs, and there fructify. 
That the disease is transmissible from one animal to another, 
there is now no reason to doubt, as the fact has been experi¬ 
mentally demonstrated by Johne and Ponfick. The experiments 
of these and others had previously failed, probably because the 
inoculation material was too old and had undergone change. 
Johne subsequently employed quite fresh material, and was 
successful in three out of four experiments—the animals being 
two calves, a cow and a foal. The latter remained unaffected. 
The calves were inoculated subcutaneously behind the lower jaw 
and elsewhere, and a small quantity of the same material, which 
was derived from a tumor on a living cow, was also introduced 
into the peritoneal cavity. In one case death took place forty 
days after inoculation; the calf having lost its appetite, became 
emaciated and debilitated, and then succumbed. At the seat of 
inoculation, as well as in the abdomen, actinomykosis was 
markedly developed. In the second case, death took place 114 
days after inoculation, and the results were found to be as marked 
as in the other instance. 
The third case was a pregnant cow, which gave only a small 
quantity of milk. This animal was inoculated through the milk- 
duct of the teat. The inoculation was in a few days followed by 
inflammatory oedema, which soon became developed into phleg¬ 
monous mastitis. Without any treatment the inflammation sub¬ 
sided, but there remained a small hard swelling, which increased 
so much that in three months the quarter of the gland was double 
its normal size, and felt like a hard fibroma. No milk was se¬ 
creted. The cow was killed 133 days after inoculation, and in 
the udder were discovered all the signs of actinomykosis; diffuse 
fibroma, with, in various parts, multiple spongy fibro-sarcomata, 
the interspaces of which contained the characteristic nodules or 
“ granulation tissue,” enclosing the fungus. 
Ponfick did not succeed in inoculating dogs or rabbits. Tie 
endeavored to produce the disease in cattle, by feeding them 
with infective material in the form of fresh nodules, but the re¬ 
sults were negative. . By subcutaneous inoculation and intraven- 
