472 
PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 
sents itself, the acarus of scabies for instance, which we take as a 
type, in this point of view, the consensus is unanimous; there is 
no more room for doubt; but it is no longer so when the question 
is one of microbes and of their action, as instruments of contagion 
and as causes of the numerous lesions peculiar to each species of 
contagious disease. 
Many are not yet prepared to admit this conception, simple as 
it is, and which so thoroughly explains so many facts, and it thus 
becomes necessary to insist on the demonstrations which belong 
to this great question of general pathology. The last researches 
of Messrs. Bouchard, Capital) and Charrier give us this opportu¬ 
nity, and we shall now see how the discovery of the microbian 
nature of glanders will enlighten the evolution of the lesions 
which characterize it and that of the symptoms correlative to it. 
But, first, how did those gentlemen recognize and establish 
the fact that there is a microbe in glanders, and that it determines 
the disease in a manner so unquestionable, and gives it its essential 
character ? 
On this point, all the elements of proof must be placed before 
the Academy, so that there can be no further hesitation in ad¬ 
mitting the evidence of the fact. 
The researches of Mr. Bouchard and his assistants go back to 
November, 1881. From that time forward they have been 
making cultures of the matter taken from an abcess opened on a 
mare whose farcinous case was reported in the thesis of Mr. 
Clement in 1881. 
The liquid of the second culture of this matter, inoculated to 
three guinea-pigs, produced in two of them, after twenty to 
twenty-four days, a fatal disease, characterized by pulmonary and 
ganglionic lesions, resembling very much those of glanders. The 
third guinea-pig that was killed presented the same lesions. With 
the matter taken from one of its glands, Mr. Arloing, of Lyons, 
inoculated a donkey, upon which the inoculation seemed to be 
negative. When killed three months later, however, this animal 
exhibited the pulmonary lesions characteristic of chronic glanders. 
In July, 1882, these experiments were renewed with pus from 
a glandered horse. 
The 4th of that month, a culture was made in a vase with a 
