PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 
473 
piece of a nasal ulcer taken from a horse just killed, and another 
with a small piece of tuberculous spleen. The next day a small 
quantity of these first cultures was taken by Mr. Arloing, who on 
the 10th of July inoculated with it two donkeys. 
On the 19th, the one that had been inoculated with the culture 
of the nasal ulcer died, and on the post mortem exhibited the very 
characteristic lesions of glanders in the respiratory and repro¬ 
ductive organs. 
On the 28th of July, eighteen days after the inoculation, the 
other died. No tubercles appeared in the lungs, but ulcerative 
lesions were present in the first respiratory and digestive appar¬ 
atuses. 
These facts were, however, nor accepted by the gentlemen as 
sufficiently positive, because the inoculation had been made with 
the liquids of first and second cultures, in which it might be sup¬ 
posed the microbes were not entirely free from other particles 
contained in the matter they had used. 
According to Mr. Bouchard and his assistants, it is only the 
fifth culture that can be considered as pure; that is, as composed 
entirely of microbes of new generations. Their statement is based 
upon this principle : 
They say that “ if it is considered that successive cultures are 
made by adding to the bouillon (the liquid of culture) about one- 
thousandth part of the preceding culture, that in some virulent 
liquids the microbes are so closely pressed and so small, that each 
milligram may contain one thousand millions of them, it will be 
understood that, considering only the microbes already existing 
in the liquid which serves for the first semination, there may be 
for each cubic centimeter of bouillon of the first culture one 
thousand millions of microbes coming directly from the diseased 
animal; one million in the second, one thousand in the third, and 
one in the fourth ; while for the fifth their remain nine hundred 
and ninety-nine chances in a thousand that only one microb of 
direct origin will be found.” 
The fifth culture only giving guarantees that its virulent 
properties proceed from microbes of new generations, it is with 
these liquids of the fifth culture that Mr. Bouchard and his 
