96 
A. ZUNDEL. 
then, has real advantages, if the posterior part of the foot is yet 
normal, but if the heels are low and the frog atrophied, it ceases to 
be of service. 
The flat shoe , or the shoe with base {fer a siege), first recom¬ 
mended by Osmer, Moreroft, and more recently by Miles, Einsie- 
del and Hartmann, is the style generally adopted at the present 
time in Saxony, and in various parts of Germany, as well as in 
England. In France it has found its way through the benefits 
observed by a few veterinarians. It is a shoe almost equal in 
thickness to its width, square, so to speak, but as light as possi¬ 
ble ; the internal border of the foot surface being hollowed or 
dished in order not to come in contact with the sole, while the 
part which rests on the plantar border of the wall is perfectly flat 
and horizontal. The heel portion is rounded, and covers mostly 
the heels of the foot where the borders of the shoe become per¬ 
fectly adapted to the borders of the wall, to the remotest part of 
the heels, and preserves the same contour until it reaches the frog. 
The shoe nowhere projects beyond the border of the wall; it is 
only towards the toe that it is slightly raised, and has a small 
clip. I he groove of the English shoe renders its application 
better than the peculiar nail holes of the French. Five or six 
nails are usually sufficient. This shoe allows the dilatation of the 
foot in all its limits, and while protecting the heels, does not pre¬ 
dispose to their contraction. For its application, the plantar border 
only needs paring. That of the sole, the frog and the bars must 
be carefully avoided. 
For the shoeing of Charlie ?', or pern-plantar (fig. 8 and 9), only 
the part of the hoof which is most exposed is protected. It pre¬ 
serves entirely all the other parts of the plantar surface in such a 
way that, as in the conditions of nature, it is only by the fact of 
the wearing of the shoe that the excess of hoof is gradually re¬ 
moved. The foot shod by this process is provided at its inferior 
border with a metallic bar, often greater in thickness than in 
width, lodged in a groove made exclusively in the wall. This bar 
adapts itself in its internal circumference to the contour of the 
sole, which projects beyond the border of the groove, because all 
its thickness has been preserved as well as that of the frog and of 
