426 
A. ZUNDEL. 
kept in slings. In diseases of the feet which have required pain¬ 
ful operations (toe or quarter cracks, punctured wounds of the 
feet, quittor, etc.) it is quite common to see an animal persevere 
in maintaining the standing position, an^J too often has the leg 
corresponding to the one first attacked become also affected, leav¬ 
ing both of the anterior or both of the posterior ultimately affect¬ 
ed in a serious manner. 
It is common for laminitis to follow intestinal congestions, 
especially if these result from the administration of a drastic 
purge, as aloes for example, and this is a very serious form of 
the disease. Lisserand has seen laminitis of the anterior extremi¬ 
ties following parturition in mares, and particularly after abor¬ 
tion. Gloag and Smith have observed similar facts. Hertwig 
says that it sometimes follows rheumatismal affections, especially 
the acute form. 
A metastatic laminitis has been seen following diseases of the 
chest. II. Bouley does not believe in these cases, and thinks the 
laminitis is the effect of the quadrupedal standing position, or 
also the feeding with farinaceous substances in too great quantity. 
At times founder accompanies malignant fevers, such as anthrax 
and typhoid attacks, which are always accompanied with a certain 
alteration of the blood. 
Treatment .—In acute laminitis all attempts must tend 
to remove the congestion of the keratogenous apparatus, or at least 
to abate its intensity, so as to prevent or diminish the serious 
sequelae that may too often follow. To effect this, general or local 
bleedings have been specially recommended, with antiphlogistic 
applications upon the congested regions. General bleeding at the 
jugular is especially indicated; a large bleeding of from five to 
ten litres, repeated if the pulse or the condition of the disease in¬ 
dicates it. Local bleeding, often recommended, seems to us, gen¬ 
erally speaking, to be useless; that of the toe is of difficult per-' 
formance in founder, as the feet are usually raised from the 
ground with difficulty, and the operation is quite painful, and may 
give rise to more or less serious complications. However, in seri¬ 
ous cases it can be done while the animal is thrown down, not so 
much on account of the blood depletion as to prevent the pos¬ 
sibility of gangrene supervening. It is more useful in the ox, ac- 
