TREATMENT OE GLANDERS AND FARCY. 
439 
evidence that our suspicious and glandered horses were all kept 
well separated from the rest of our horses, and especially from the 
outside. I must call the reader’s special attention to this remark, 
as many of our horses, after having been treated as suspicious 
and even glandered, were, on their being released from the 
hospital, considered so well cured (externally at least) and free 
from any nasal discharge or farcinous ulcer that they could work 
outside on the public roads without falling in conflict with the 
national police laws. 
In order to avoid any misunderstanding as to the real value 
of the cases that will be enumerated below, I will give a short 
resume of all signs and symptoms upon which I always based my 
diagnosis. 
A horse showing a hard, indolent adherent intermaxillary 
gland on one or both sides was closely watched ; if a sticky, 
brownish or greenish discharge, with or without any streaks of 
blood, came from the nostril of the same side, I declared the 
horse suspicious. If the nasal wing (elevated with the thumb) 
was infected, showing a rough surface and one or more miliary 
tubercles, white or inflamed, the suspicion was of a more grave 
character; if any ulcer was found on any visible part of the 
Schneiderian membrane, coexisting with gland and nasal dis¬ 
charge, as given above, it was a clear case of glanders. These 
are the essential pathognomonic symptoms of glanders. 
I must again mention the importance of examining the con¬ 
dition of the membrane under the nasal wing. I found many 
horses that had one or more suspicious - symptoms for a long 
time, without an ulcer ever becoming visible on the membrane, 
while at the same time an irregular, rough, infected surface, with 
one or several miliary tubercles located on the membrane under 
the nasal wing, would clearly indicate the existence of ulcers in 
the upper parts of the nasal cavity. In my twenty-two years’ 
practice I never found this sign to fail, and do entirely agree as 
to the importance of this sign with my very old, respected 
Professor Henry Bouley, of Alfort. 
If a bad, one-sided nasal discharge, coexisting with a hard, bad 
gland on the same side, resisted for a long time a regular treat¬ 
ment without showing any improvement, it was considered of a 
grave nature, even if no ulcer could be detected. 
