ACTINOMYKOSIS. 
525 
mucous membrane is purple in color, mottled by the presence of 
still darker spots, which look like blood extravasations. The 
thickening does not feel nodular, but uniform; and it is evident 
that the mucous membrane is thickened by infiltration of the sub¬ 
mucous tissue. On making a longitudinal section of the enlarge- 
ment, it is seen to be pale in color, inclining to a yellowish-red. 
Scattered throughout are a number of nodules, varying in size 
from that of a pin’s head to a hazel nut. Some are isolated, 
others in groups of two and three. They project above the cut 
surface. They are white in color, and their margins are gener¬ 
ally well-defined. In some instances they are surrounded by a 
capsule of connective tissue. Although present throughout the 
whole of the section, they are far more numerous towards the 
surface of the tongue, being contained within a zone of an inch 
and a half from the surface. They are of all shapes, but the 
smaller ones are mostly round. The nodules are also contained 
in the submucous tissues. 
“ In addition to these projecting nodules, are a number of 
variously-sized white patches, generally streaky, which look like 
hypertrophied intermuscular connective tissue. The nodules are 
also scattered throughout the muscular tissue. On the under sur¬ 
face of the tip of the tongue, there is seen through the mucous 
membrane a patch made up of yellowish nodules.” 
Mr. Garside’s microscopical examination of the nodules at first 
led him to consider them crystals—a mistake easily made. 
If the disease affecting this tongue was not tuberculosis, then 
the question arose, What was it? Mr. James, who had sent the 
specimen, had in his communications to the Veterinary Journal , 
spoken of it as a somewhat common, and certainly a very serious 
malady in his district, among calves and young bovine stock, 
though adult animals did not escape its ravages. It was, there¬ 
fore, of great moment to discover its nature. 
As I have already said, Mr. Garside, from the density of the 
nodules, at first thought they were crystals, and calcareous in 
composition, and accordingly tested them with acids, but he con¬ 
cluded they were not composed of lime salts. 
With much care, and after the exercise of a considerable 
