526 
GEORGE FLEMING 
amount of patience, it was subsequently found by Dr. Roy and 
Mr. Garside that the nodules were found to offer a definite struc¬ 
ture under the microscope, and when the higher magnifying pow 
ers of the instrument were employed, the presence of a peculiar 
minute fungus was detected, the mycelium developing, or being 
arranged in, a novel manner, each nodule being mainly consti¬ 
tuted by a cluster or conglomeration of fungi or fungus elements, 
differing in arrangement and appearance from anything hitherto 
noted among entophytes infesting animals. 
This was recognised as the Actinomyces , a fungus which has 
been discovered in certain morbid conditions of mankind and ani¬ 
mals in Germany and Italy. 
It now dawned upon me that we had to do with a particular 
disease, the pathology of which has only been elucidated within a 
few years, and which is referred to in the Veterinary Journal for 
January (p. 60, Sarcoma in Oxen) and April (p. 256, “A 
New Vegetable Parasite causing Disease in Cattle”), 1879. 
Mr. James has quite recently, at my earnest solicitation, for¬ 
warded three additional specimens of the disease—portions of two 
heads, and a tongue. I shall notice the former first, as they are 
the most interesting and important, and give the clinical history 
of the cases, for which I am also indebted to Mr. James. The 
specimens were two bovines—a steer and a heifer—each about a 
year and a half old. The heifer was first attacked about three 
months before. The symptoms were: swelling of the upper lip 
and nose, and the appearance of a u red place ” about two or three 
inches from the anterior nares—this place resembling a boil on 
the human skin. Some dressing was sent, and this was applied 
two or three times a week. Mr. James did not see the animal 
again for two or three weeks, when he was requested to inspect it 
again, as it was very much worse. He found the upper lip much 
more tumefied and very hard, and the disease extending up the 
nasal chambers, the little masses or “ tubercles ” being very char¬ 
acteristic. On his next visit he observed that the disorder had 
been checked, and it was kept in this condition for about a month. 
It then began to extend again, and all efforts to overcome it were 
fruitless. Dressings appeared to have no effect on it, and there 
