ACTINOMYKOSIS. 
529 
was known as “ Ladendruck,” u Ladengeschwulst,” “Dicker- 
backen,” “ Krebsbacken,” “ Backel,” “ Kimbeule,” “ Kiefergesch- 
wulst,” “ Knochenkrebs,” “ Knockenwurm,” “ Winddorn,” etc.; 
while when the tongue or other soft tissues in trie mouth were 
specially involved, the terms “Holzzunge” (wooden tongue), 
“ Hohlgesclrwulste,” “ Schlundbeulen,” “ Wurm,” etc., were 
applied. 
Among veterinarians in Germany, the disease of the bones 
was looked upon as osteosarcoma, spina ventosa, bone tubercu- 
losis, osteoporosis, hyperostosis, etc., while the tongue affection 
was supposed to be tuberculosis, chronic interstitial glossitis, 
tongue degeneration, sarcomatosis, etc., the affection in other soft 
tissues being considered either as lymphomatous, fibromatous, 
scrofulous, or scrofulo-tuberculous. 
In Italy, where the disease appears to be very prevalent, 
especially in the plains of Ferrara and in the Maremme of Tus¬ 
cany, it was popularly considered to be a kind of glanders and 
farcy of bovines, sometimes looked upon as tuberculous, and 
when affecting the tongue was named the mat del rospo {rospo — 
toad), trutta (thrush), or tuberculosis of the tongue. 
In this couutry, as already remarked, the disease undoubtedly 
exists, and in all probability widely and frequently; though its 
pathology has not hitherto been ascertained. Under the designa¬ 
tion of scrofula, tuberculosis, tubercular stomatitis, miliary 
tubercle, schirrus tongue, glossitis, osteosarcoma, osteoporosis, 
and many other names, there is every reason to think that this 
disease has been included in the descriptions of these various 
affections. 
In 1877, Bollinger* drew attention to a disease of cattle 
which, he asserted, was not unfrequent among them, and which 
consisted in a kind of new-formation tumor, that appeared on the 
upper or lower jaw, in the alveoli of the molar teeth, or sprang 
from the spongy tissue of the bones, displaced the teeth, and in 
growing invaded and destroyed the healthy tissues—bones, 
muscles, mucous membrane and skin, appearing externally, or in 
References will be found at the end of this paper, when treating of the 
literature of the subject. 
