ACTINOM YKOSIS. 
531 
white, diaphanous, moist-looking, very soon becoming turbid or 
undergoing puriform softening, and vacating their connective 
tissue capsule. When these nodules were on the upper surface of 
the tongue, destruction of the mucous membrane, erosion, ulcer¬ 
ation and cicatrization took place; while in the parenchyma of 
the tongue, a secondary interstitial glossitis became developed, 
when there was partial atrophy of the muscular fasicculi, and a 
marked enlargement and wood-like induration of the organ. 
The disease, when in the jaws, was not uncommon in old 
cattle, developing itself in a few weeks, and was nearly always 
incurable; the animals would survive for a month, or even a year, 
until the difficulty of eating, because of the diseased jaw or 
enlarged tongue, produced emaciation and debility, and the animal 
was slaughtered. In the nodules of the tongue, as in the jaw, 
the microscopical fungus was constantly present.* That the 
tongue disease was not rare, was evidenced by the fact that in one 
year Bollinger had no fewer than six specimens sent to him from 
various parts of Bavaria; while in five preparations he had in 
spirit, he found the fungus. He not only' discovered this fungus 
in the centre of the nodules, but also in the sub-maxillary lym¬ 
phatic glands of the tongue, as well as in the tracheal lymphatic 
glands. He found these glands greatly enlarged, and studded 
with grey and dull-yellowish spongy nodules, in the interior of 
which he found immense numbers of the fungus. The fungus 
was likewise discovered in a series of new-formation tumors 
which cows are very liable to, in the pharynx and larynx, as well 
as in the mucous membrane of the stomach. In the two former 
situations, these tumors appear as polypi and sub mucous new 
formations, and these had received such names as lymphoma, 
throat-tumor, fibroma, tuberculosis, scrofula, etc.f In all these 
tumors (ten of which he had preserved in spirits of wine), the 
section was always more or less of a spongy character, and when 
the puriform or cheesy matter contained in the 'uuierous small 
*Tbese organisms had been observed for several years (1870) by Professor 
Hahn, of the Munich Veterinary School, but he had not attached sufficient 
importance to them. 
t Bollinger notes that in some parts of North Germany, five per cent, of the 
cattle are afiected with these throat tumors. 
