ACTINOMYKOSIS. 
533 
like the hyphen itself, polymorphous, and of an oval, globular or 
elongated form. From the expanded end of the Gonidise are 
developed a number of young shoots or sprigs, and from each 
Gonidium arises an individual; so that a number of Gonidise 
together give rise to a mulberry-shaped colony; and this is the 
usual form in which the clusters of fungi appear, though some¬ 
times here and there are found apparently stunted or abortive 
groups. 
The fungus, in fact, is allied in many respects to the common 
green mould ( Penicillium glaucum) which grows on jam, paste, 
damp leather, etc., and is therefore very far from being one of 
the lowest of the group to which it belongs. The individual 
plant, in reality, consists of a conical mass of branched filaments 
springing from a single cell, and bearing on their short terminal 
branchlets the spores or Conidia , by which the mould is produced. 
From the radiating structure of this micro-entophyte, and its 
being found at first in the ox tribe, it was named Actinomyces (a 
ray, a mushroom or fungus) bovis. This, Bollinger asserted, was 
the first instance in which a fungus belonging to the class of 
moulds had been found in the interior of animal tissues, such as 
the bones. The designation of actinomykosis (mykosis, a fun¬ 
gus) was given to the disease, following the example of previous 
pathologists—such as Alibert, who applied the term mykosis to 
the affection in mankind known as JTrarnbcesia (the Mulluscum 
contagiosum , for instance, due to a vegetable parasite, and which 
he designated Mycosis fungoides). 
Zippelius of Obernburg (Lower Franconia) informed Bollinger 
that, in the course of ten years, he had noted not fewer than 254 
cases of lymphoma in the vicinity of the larynx and pharynx, 
in addition to 157 cases of jaw tumors in cattle: and Bollinger 
was of opinion that the majority of the first, and probably all of 
the second, were due to this fungus. Zippelius had also seen both 
forms of the disease in goats and swine, though much seldomer 
than in cattle. Veterinary literature also contained a number of 
cases of these tumors in goats and oxen; and Bollinger suspected 
that they would likewise be found to exist in sheep and other 
animals. 
