26 
EXTRACTS FROM FOREIGN JOURNALS. 
history of the ease, it was stated that she had been in that 
condition from the time she was taken up, some four weeks pre¬ 
vious. A blister was applied over the whole surface of each joint, 
and if unsuccessful the actual cautery will be applied.— The Vet¬ 
erinarian. 
GLANDERS—THE DIFFERENT DIAGNOSIS OF EQUINE PULMONARY 
NODULES. 
By Dr. Johann Csokor, (Veterinary Institution, Vienna.) 
Pulmonary nodules are almost universally acknowledged to 
be associated with glanders. But from pathological history and 
careful microscopical examination of these, 1 am inclined to 
believe that they are, in many cases at least, perfectly innocuous, 
and independent of the glander poison. Nodules of various sizes 
are found in the lungs of horses affected with nasal glanders, and 
not unfrequently in those which present no signs of that disease. 
They are characterized by having bright-red or black-red zones of 
various extent surrounding them, and they usually have a whitish- 
yellow or grey mass embedded in the centre, which can be easily 
separated with a knife. These bodies are generally spoken of as 
“ pulmonary ” nodules, but they are rarely accurately described 
in detail; and many veterinary surgeons speak of these as glan¬ 
der ” nodules. In reality, they are nothing more nor less than 
emboli of the pulmonary vessels. 
There is another kind of nodule frequently found in the 
lungs, which has also been similarly described. These are 
white, firm, hard formations, and present no signs of surround¬ 
ing irritation, although their origin is due to the same cause. 
If we now compare a section of a true glander nodule, taken 
from the nasal mucous membrane, with one of those surrounded 
by a red zone in the lung, we shall find that they do not follow 
the same process of formation and degeneration. The glander 
nodule is characterized by its centre quickly undergoing degener¬ 
ative changes. The cellular elements, which are undistinguish- 
