44 
A. ZUNDEL. 
responding to the lower side of the foot. The shoe ought to be 
ehanged quite often, in proportion to the existing difference in 
height. If the foot is very crooked, it is difficult to straighten 
it by having a greater thickness of the shoe; it would make this 
too heavy. Sometimes it is better to use nails with large-sized 
head on the lower side of the hoof; and in these cases one might 
put on corks at the heels, external or internal, as required. 
(e) Rammy Foot .—This is a defectuosity of the foot, always 
accidental, in which the surface of the wall offers more or less 
numerous circles, above each other and running from one quarter 
or heel to that of the other side. These roughnesses, arranged 
in rows, rise always from the coronary band, and form as many 
elevations gradually descending and disappearing towards the in¬ 
ferior border of the wall. They are so much more serious that they 
are deep, and sometimes are accompanied with lameness, especial¬ 
ly when in great number, close to each other, and when the foot 
is narrow and long. These circles are sometimes sequelae of lami- 
nitis, and accompany seedy toe; the rings then are in the middle 
of the toe, which is more or less roughened, like an oyster shell, 
and they disappear only when the primitive alteration is removed. 
When they are small, not numerous, and grow down without be¬ 
ing replaced by new ones, this favorable disposition of the wall 
must be stimulated by all the means which may stimulate and 
keep up the suppleness, by light blisters over the coronet. A 
light shoeing, often changed, is the best in those cases. Circles 
which reappear continually are due to an intimate and continued 
alteration, and are in company with other defectuosities, such as 
contraction, pumiced foot, etc. 
(f) Foot with bad hoof .—A hoof may be too soft or too dry. 
When too soft , too greasy, it contains too much dampness and is 
lacking resistance./ Horses which have this weak hoof, as said 
Lafosse, have the foot tender and unfit for long walks on hard 
and stony ground; they are, besides, much exposed to lose 
their shoes, because the hoof breaks up at the nail-holes. This 
fault is quite common in large feet, frequently seen in Northern 
lymphatic animals, especially in those which come from marshy 
districts; if, then, those horses are submitted to stabulation, their 
