492 
A. ZUNDEL. 
forge or interfere, and in placing or riding them in such a way as 
to avoid the possibility of their wounding eaeh other. 
Punctured Wound of the Foot. 
Synonym .—Naglebritt (German)—Nail in the foot (English) 
—Clou de rue (French).—In veterinary science this designation 
has been given to a punctured wound, often with laceration, 
sometimes with contusions, either at the sole or frog of the foot 
of the monodactyles, and produced by sharp or cutting bodies, 
most commonly nails, upon which the animal steps. The form 
of these bodies, the direction they take, the force with which 
they penetrate, and the part of the sole they enter, give rise to 
various lesions, of varying gravity as they are older or as the 
injured part enjoys a greater sensibility. 
Etiology. —Nails, stumps of nails, are most often those which 
are picked up in the streets; at other times it is a metallic sub¬ 
stance elongated and sharpened ; again, there are pieces of glass, 
or other substances, such as bones or sharp stones, which are picked 
up and produce the wound. 
It is principally in the streets of populous cities, in the yards 
of builders, or on the grounds where buildings are pulled down, 
that horses are mostly exposed to receive these injuries. In rural 
districts they are rare, comparatively, to what they are in cities. 
It is evident that horses with wide, flat, thin, softened hoofs 
are more exposed than those which are of different structure. 
I. Divisions .—Punctured wounds of the foot may be simple 
or superficial , deep or penetrating. 
One of these bodies, piercing into the frog, requires to go in 
deep to be serious, as above the frog (which is itself quite thick, 
though formed by a soft and flexible horn) is the plantar cushion, 
a fibrous, soft and elastic mass, which offers a great resistance. 
If, however, the injuring body is a very long nail, which runs 
perpendicularly in through the frog at the plantar cushion, it 
may reach the terminal extremity of the perforans tendon, situ¬ 
ated immediately under the plantar cushion, and penetrate the 
sesamoid sheath. It is known that this sheath forms a sac of 
some dimensions, that it extends above and below from the infe- 
