APPENDIX. 
419 
The termination pan means a “ standard ” or u chief place ; ” 
hence, Mayayan of the Mayas, and Totonicapan of the Toto- 
naques. Tepee is a “ mountain,” or u high place ; ” hence, Alote- 
peque, Coatepeque, Olintepeque, Jilotepeque, and Quezaltepeque, 
— all of them in mountainous regions, the second being a vol¬ 
cano of considerable height. Tlan means a “ city ” or u home; ” 
hence, Atitlan , “ the home of the old woman (Atit),” Zapotitlan , 
etc. The most common termination is tenango , a Mexican word 
with much the same meaning as tlan , — Huelmetenango being 
equivalent to “ the ancient abode; ” Chimaltenango to u the 
House of the Shield.” 
A troublesome matter is the varying and uncertain orthog¬ 
raphy of most of the names now in use. Goattemala, Gaute- 
mala, Guatimala, are all used by writers. The termination pan 
is often in official publications spelled pam. Quezaltenango is 
properly, though seldom, written Quetzaltenango ; and Cumarcah 
or Gumarcah, Tzabal or Yzabal, Jutiapa or Xutiapa, are common 
variations. The omission of the letter n in such words as Mon¬ 
tezuma and Montagua, and at the end of Escuintlan, is the rule 
in Guatemala ; but foreign writers do not always regard it. The 
interchange of b and v is common, —as bejuco or vejuco ; benta 
or venta. So far as sound goes, the name of the large macaw 
may be Juacamalla or Gruacamaya. Tzolola was one form of 
Solola ; Taltie , of Tactic ; and Mictlan , of Mita . 
It is quite possible that Soconusco is derived from xoconochtli y 
a word meaning “ wild figs,” and Honduras from fonduras , 
meaning “ depths,” although the application may not be clear 
at the present day. More satisfactory are Michatoyatl , a a river 
abounding in fish : ” Paxa y 66 water which separates,” — the Rio 
Pax, or Paz, having always been the boundary between Guate¬ 
mala and San Salvador. Tonald, the “City of the Sun,” 
and Grumarca(a)h y u ruined houses,” are generally admitted to 
be correct derivations. 
The Spanish invaders exhibited slight inventive powers, and 
some half a dozen saints were made godfathers and godmothers 
to all the Indian towns that were important enough to be re- 
christened ; and Santos Juan, Jose, Tomas, and Marcos, and 
Santas Maria, Lucia, Ana, and Catarina are the favoiites, al¬ 
though Pedro, Esteban, Jago, Miguel, Antonio, Cristoval, Pablo, 
