ILLUSTRATIONS OR THE GENUS CAREX, 
97 
Radix repens. Cuhni 4-10 poll, longi, setacei, procum- 
bcntcs, basi vaginis foliorum fusco-purpureis tecti; pars spicas 
gerens3-12 lin. longa. Folia J-l lin. lata, lsete viridia, culmo 
breviora vel longiora. Bractece foliaceee, ssepe omnes culmo 
longiores, infima interdum 2 poll. long®. Spica mascula 2 
lin. longa, ^ lin. lata, sessilis: foeminese 2-3 lin. longse, 2 lin. 
late, 3-8-florse, sessiles, con tig use, vel infima 3-8 lin. remota: 
rarius radicalis longe pedunculata. Squamae omnes conformes. 
Perigynium lin. longum, T 7 - 0 - lin. latum, globosum, ssepe 
longe stipitatum; rostro nunc subexcurvato, basi subinde 
leviter nervatum. Achenium conforme, -A- lin. longum, xo - 
lin. latum, castaneum, angulis pallidioribus, breve stipitatum, 
apice umbone brevissimo disciformi-depresso superatum, basi 
styli persistente brevissima recta abrupte apiculatum. Stylus 
basi plus minus clavatus. 
Arete affinis C. piluliferas, L. Differ! culmis setaceis; foliis 
angustioribus; spicis minoribus, alternis, infima plerumque 
subremota, inferioribus vel omnibus longe bracteatis; peri¬ 
gyniis ssepe paulo longioribus, angustioribus, rostro interdum 
longiore, subexcurvato, basi ssepe obscure nervatis; squamis 
angustioribus; basi. styli persistente, brevissime recta. 
I have seen very few specimens of this plant from the States, 
where it seems to he confined to the highlands. Sir John Ri¬ 
chardson brought it from Arctic America, and the specimens 
figured are his. They certainly approach very near G. pilulif era, 
the difference being in the very abbreviate male spike, the gene¬ 
rally alternate, smaller, less densely flowered female spikes, the 
often conspicuous bracts, the straight persistent base of the style, 
the occasional existence of nerves, the setaceous culm, and narrow 
leaves. The perigynium in its globular pyriform figure and shorter 
rostrum contrasts with the oval, triquetrous perigynium of G. Fm- 
monsii, but there is a transition from 0. pilulifera through G. 
Noroe-Anglia to G. Fmmonsii, and while Drejer unites the two 
first, Carey unites the two last. 
238. C. Emmonsii (Dewey); spicis 2-4 rarius 5 ple¬ 
rumque contiguis sessilibus pallidis, ter m i.na.li mascula 
abbreviata, foemineis omnibus vel superioribus congestis, 
infima rarius 3-4 lin. remota vel ssepe raclicali laxiflora 
longe pedunculata; bractea infima spiculam rarius cul- 
mum sequante ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovali-trigonis 
longiuscule cylindrico-rostratis stipitatis, ore albo hyalino 
obliquo bifido, pallide viridibus enerviis, squama oblongo- 
ovata obtusa mutica vel acuminata cuspidata albida, nervo 
viridi demum ad latera superne purpurascente margine 
albo-hyalina longioribus vel sequantibus.—C. Emmonsii, 
Dewey, in Tor. Cyp. p. 411 ; Sartwell, Exs. n. 105. 
C. alpestris, Dewey, vii. 268 ; Schw. et Tor. 341. C. 
Davisii, Dewey, x. 279 {non Schw. et Tor.). C. Novse- 
Anglise, var. Carey, 525. C. lucorum, var. Chapman, 539. 
(Tab. CCLXXXVI.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Arctic America to 
New Orleans. 
Csespitosa. Culmi setacei, insequales, reclinati vel decum- 
bentes. Folia pallide viridia, |-1 lin. lata. Bractea infi ma. 
plerumque solum conspicua, rarius culmum gequans vel supe- 
rans. Spica mascula 2-4 lin. longa : foeminese sessiles : infima 
rarius subremota vel radicalis. Squamae conformes. Perigy- 
nium 1-pT]—Ao lin. longum, T \—fV lim latum; rostro ssepe | 
lin. longum. Achenium x fi 0 —A lin. longum, -%—,%■ lin. latum, 
ovale, truncatum, basi productum, trigonum, ferrugineum, an¬ 
gulis pallidioribus; basi styli clavata, articulata, decidua. 
Var. /3. elliptica; spicis congestis; perigyniis longi¬ 
oribus (1 ro“io liti- longis, q- 0 lin. latis) hirsutis squa- 
mam subduplo superantibus ; achenio elliptico triquetro 
(Itu ^ n - l° n g°» a li n - kdo), basi styli decidua. (Tab. 
CCLXXXVII.) * 
Hab. Arctic America, Richardson. Providence, 01- 
mey. New York, Knieshcern. 
This plant in habit, in some respects, closely resembles G. Novce- 
Anglice, but differs in habitat, growing on hills and open mounds; 
in the pale colour of all its parts, its short bract, its congested 
female spikes, the more elongated and evidently trigonous form of 
the perigynium and achenium, and the deciduous base of the 
style. It never exhibits the dark green colour of the leaves and 
bracts or the purplish squamae of C. Novce-Anglice ; and in those 
specimens, where the lower culmeal spike is distinct, it is never 
more than four lines remote and always sessile. I have it from 
Arctic America, where 0. Novce-Anglice is abundant, but most 
copiously from the States, from Rhode Island to New Orleans, 
where G. Novce-Anglice (except on high mountains) is unknown. 
I have drawn the characters from the general habit of the plant, 
some of which, as in all Carices, admit of variation, as is the case 
with the bracts, which very rarely are elongated. But the trigonous 
form of the perigynium and achenium, the long rostrum, and the 
distinct articulation of the style are constant. 
The var. /3 has a longer body to the perigynium and a longer 
achenium, and the pubescence is softer and longer, and the pro¬ 
portionate length of the perigynium to the squamae gives a pecu¬ 
liar aspect to the spike. It has not been noticed by authors. 
In adhering to the names given to the several preceding species 
by authors, I have endeavoured to point out the characters in 
which they differ, leaving the question of specific distinction to 
future observers. I have been guided by habit, the form of the 
perigynia and achenia, and the base of the style (which has not at¬ 
tracted the attention of authors), to justify my adoption of esta¬ 
blished names. 
239. C. varia (Muhlenberg); spicis 3-5 pallidis remo- 
tis, terminali mascula abbreviata sessili vel cylindrica 
breve pedunculata pallide castanea, foemineis ssepius 3, 
rarius apice masculis sublaxifloris, superioribus globosis 
paucifloris sessilibus, inferioribus oblongis subremotis pe- 
dunculatis; bracteis auriculatis, superioribus emarginatis 
spicis suis brevioribus, infima subinde foliacea culmo lon¬ 
giore vaginulata vel amplectente; stigmatibus 3; peri¬ 
gyniis obovatis vel globosis basi productis abrupte vel 
sensim rostratis, rostro nunc subexcurvo, margine scabro, 
ore bifido, pubescentibus enerviis vel basi plus minus 
nervatis pallidis ; squama ovata acuta vel acuminata vel 
obtusa ssepe emarginata mutica vel cuspidata albida con- 
colori vel pallide castanea longioribus vel subsequantibus. 
—C. varia, j3 pedicellata, Deivey, xi. 163; Sartwell, Exs. 
n. 109; Kunth , 442. C. Pennsylvania, B Muhlenbergii, 
Gray, Carey, 526; Torrey, N. Am. Cyp. 410; Chapman, 
539. C. collecta, Dewey, xi. 314. (Tab. CCLXXXYIII.) 
Var. B- minor ; culmo breviore; spicis minoribus pau¬ 
cifloris subrotundis sessilibus subcontiguis vel alternatim 
remotiusculis ; squamis ssepe lucide castaneis; bractea 
infima ssepe abbreviata.—C. varia, Muhl. 236; Willd. 
259 ; Sckk. f. 167 ; Wahl. Act. 159 ; Kunth, 442 ; 
Elliott, 541; Schw. et Tor. 329; Deioey, xi. 162; Sart¬ 
well, Exs. n. 108. C. Pennsylvania, Torrey , N. Am. 
Cyp. 410 {non Lam). (Tab. CCLXXXIX.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Canada to Georgia. 
Radix csespitosa. Culmi l-l|-pedalcs, debiles, reclinati 
vel erecti, apice scabriusculi, basi vaginis foliorum purpureis 
tecti; pars spicas gerens poll, longa. Folia culmea 
angusta, 1-3 poll, longa : sterilia 1-2 lin. lata, firma, culmum 
