96 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
latum, obconicum, obtuse trigonum, faciebus superne con- 
vexis, basi cuneatum, punctulatum, ferrugineum; basi styli 
abrupte apiculatum. 
Var. ,8; culmo brevi graciliore, axi minus flexuoso; 
foliis bracteisque angustis ; spicis subrotundis vel ovalibus 
remotis; squamis latioribns, masculis muticis subinde 
emarginatis ferrugineis. 
Hab. New Orleans, Teinturier. Alabama, Drummond. 
The male florets at the extreme base of the female spikes have 
been overlooked by all authors. Drejer naturally allies this beau¬ 
tiful species to 0. squarrosa, considering both to belong to his 
Spirostachyce, and affording a transition into his Pliysocarpce. 
The var. (i has a culm four inches long, and spikes three or 
four lines long and broad; the male spike especially with broad 
ferruginous squamae, sometimes emarginate and without an arista. 
235. C. pilulifera (L.); spicis 4-5 rarius 2-6 sessili- 
bus congestis, terminali mascula saepe abbreviate, fcemi- 
neis (rarius apice masculis) subglobosis, infima interdum 
subremota vel radicali basi attenuata longe pedunculata; 
bractea infima evaginata culmum saepe superante ; stig- 
matibus 3, rarius 2 ; perigyniis subglobosis rostellatis 
bidentatis pubescentibus enerviis spongioso-stipitatis vi- 
ridibus, squama ovata acuta vel lanceolata cuspidata pur¬ 
purea, nervo viridi longioribus vel brevioribus.—C. pilu¬ 
lifera, L. Sp.; Good. Lin. Trs. ii. 190; Wald. Act. 160; 
Willd. iv. 259; Act. Derail. t. 2; Schk. f. 39; Gaudin, 
A pros. 135; Kunth, 439; Smith, Eng. FI. 112; Eng. 
Dot. t. 885; Koch, 876; Anderson, 30. t. 7. /. 82; 
Reich, t. 260 ; Lang, 111 ; Dertol. 82. C. montana, L. 
C. filiformis, FI. Dan. t. 1048. C. decumbens, Lhrh. 
(Tab. CCLXXXIII.) 
Hab. In Europa. Norway to the north of Italy. 
Radix csespitosa. Culmus 4-15-pollicaris, triqueter, lsevis, 
superne scabriusculus, ssepius incurvus, recumbens, nudus, 
basi foliatus, vaginisque foliorum ferrugineis tectus; pars 
spicas gerens 6-12 lin. longa. Folia 1-11 lin. lata, culmo 
breviora, graminea, viridia. Bractea infima auriculata vel 
amplectens, spiculam subsequans, vel sesquipollicaris spicam 
superans: altera brevior, rarius conspicua. Squamae con- 
formes, plus minus purpurea:, margine albidse, nervo viridi, 
late ovatse, muticse vel mucronatse, vel lanceolata?,, acuminatse, 
cuspidate : mascula? plerumque angustiores. Spica mascula 
4-8 lin. longa, |-1 lin. lata. Spicce fceminece 3-4 lin. longa?, 
2 lin. latse, omnes arete contigua?, vel infima 3-4 lin. (rarius 
3 poll.) remota, brevi-pedunculata, vel subradicalis, basi at¬ 
tenuata, pedunculo bipollicari suffulta: superiores vel omnes 
rarius apice mascula?. Perigynium l-U—nn Ibi. longum, -p 0 - 
lin. latum, viride, rostello conico, brevi, purpureo : basi pro- 
ductum, spongiosum : membranaceum; nervis 2, marginalibus. 
Achenium - 8 - 0 - lin. longum, t 6 <t lin. latum, globoso-triquetrum, 
fuscum, angulis pallidioribus; basi styli decidua, clavata, 
supra basin persistentem sequalem abrupte deflexam sita. 
A C. varia, Muhl., differt spicis confertis, plurifloris, sub¬ 
inde apice masculis, e viridi-purpureo variegatis; perigyniis 
enerviis, rostello semper recto breviore bidentato; basi styli 
persistente abrupte compresso-deflexa; culmo incurvo, basi 
vaginis foliorum pallide ferrugineis tecto; foliis viridibus. 
Drejer (Rev. 55) says, “ Quomodo O. variam a G. pilulifera dis- 
tinguam, neque ex descriptione neque ex speciminibus eruere 
possum.” Treviranus (FI. Rossica, iv. 302) says, “ C. pilulifera; 
nimis affinis, nec separanda nisi notis, me saltern judice, parum 
firmis est C. marginata, Muhl., cujus synonyma, sec. Torrey, sunt 
C. Pennsylvanica, Lam., et C. varia, Muhl., cujusque specimen, 
auctoritatem Meyeri ferens, in Kamtschatka a Redowskio lectum 
inter plantas Ledebourianas vidi.” Schlechtendal (Linnsea, x. 
262) says, “ O. varia, simillima C. piluliferce, et, uti nobis fere vi- 
detur, eadem.” Kunth, p. 442, quotes Schlechtendal, without 
expressing any opinion of his own. Tuckerman, quoting Drejer, 
and referring to Schlechtendal’s observation, quoted by Kunth, 
remarks of C. varia and G. pilulifera, “ Species vigentes distinctm 
mihi visas sunt nostraque (C. varia) insignis, typus et caput gregis 
American* proprise.” 
I incline to Tuckerman’s opinion. I have never seen any spe¬ 
cimens from Kamtschatka. Those from Japan, collected by 
Wright in the United States Pacific Expedition, are referable to 
C. Fmmonsii, judging from the elliptic triquetrous form of the 
perigynium, differing in the deep-purple colour of the squamse 
and in the slight depression of the base of the style. 
Goodenough (Lin. Trs. ii. 191) has alone noticed the occasional 
existence of male florets on the female spikes. He says, “ In 
spicis foemineis flores terminates plerumque masculi. Post breve 
tempus hi decidui sunt, unde spicse saspius rotunda evadunt.” 
I have observed them only in a few specimens, as is the case with 
the inferior radical spicula, which is not noticed by any author, 
nor do I find any allusion to the depressed state of the style, 
which I find to be characteristic of G. pilulifera. 
236. C. Azorica (Gay, Ann. Sc. Nat. p. 185 : 1839).— 
FI. Azorica, Seubert. (Tab. CCLXXXIY.) 
ITab. In insulis Azoricis. Fayal and Pico, Guthnick 
and Llochstetter. Pico, Dr. II. C. Watson. St. Michael’s, 
T. C. Hunt, Esq. 
Habitus et inflorescentia C. piluliferce, L. Differt stigma- 
tibus ssepius 2! ; perigyniis (1 T V lin. longis, liu. latis) 
compressis, brevius stipitatis, obovatis; spiculis 5-7, densius 
aggregatis, colore pallidiore; squamis foemineis subrotundo- 
ovatis, obtusis, muticis, vel sensim vel abrupte apiculatis; 
achenio (Aj-Au lin. longo, \ lin. lato) lenticulari, rarius plano- 
convexiusculo, ssepe racheola minima inserta vel exserta sti- 
pato ; basi styli persistente, recta vel depressa. 
I am indebted to Dr. Watson for specimens of this plant, the 
aspect of which is that of G. pilulifera, L. I have never chanced 
to observe only two stigmas in G. pilulifera, but Gay remarks 
that, when they occur in it, the achenium is not compressed as in 
G. Azorica, but of an obtuse trigonous form. The racheola in O. 
Azorica is sometimes exserted, bearing a scale with a perigynium; 
at f it is in the form of a squama only. The straight base of 
the style is especially visible in the lenticular achenium. 
237. C. Hovse-Anglhe (Schweinitz); spicis 3-4 rarius 
5 paucifloris e viridi purpureis, terminali mascula abbre- 
viata saepe inconspicua sessili, feemineis plerumque alter- 
nis vel contiguis, inferioribus saepe bracteatis, infima re¬ 
mota breve (vel radicali longe) pedunculata; bracteis 
auriculatis laete viridibus, inferioribus vel omnibus culmo 
longioribus ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis obovatis vel ova¬ 
libus globosis vel obtuse subtrigonis basi longe stipitatis 
conico-rostratis, rostro saepe subexcurvato, ore obliquo 
bifido, pubescentibus enerviis vel basi obscure nervatis, 
squama oblongo-ovata acuta plerumque nmcronata pur¬ 
purea, nervo viridi margine albo-hyalina latioribus longio- 
ribusque.—C. Novae-Angliae, Schw. An. tab.; Seine, et 
Tor. 328; Dewey, ix. 64 ; Tor. Cyp. 411; Carey, 525 ; 
Kunth, 408 [excl. ejus descr., quee C. Pennsylvanicam, 
Lam.,qpingit). C. pilulifera, /3 deflexa, Drejer, Rev. 54. 
(Tab. CCLXXXV.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Arctic America. 
Saddle Mountain, Massachusetts, alt. 3000 feet. Mount 
Marcy, New York. Greenland, Vahl. 
