ILLUSTRATIONS OP THE GENUS CAKEX. 
95 
apicem evanescente, margine hyalinse. Spices fcemineoe 1-1 \ 
poll. longse, 12-15 lin. latse: summa vel binse superiores ses- 
siles, evaginatse, vel inferiores plus minus exserte pedunculatse, 
a se 1-3-g poll, remotse. Perigynium 6-Gt lin. longum, 2 lin. 
latum, divergens. Achenium lAo lin. longum, -j% lin. latum, 
ellipticum, triquetrum, utrinque acutum, angulis ad medium 
subnodosis, lucidum, olivaceum, stylo basi crassiore contorto. 
Media inter C. intumescentem et C. lupulinam. 
A C. intumescente differt spicis foemineis 3, oblongis, pluri- 
floris ; achenio angulis subnodosis. 
A C. lupulina, cui maxime affinis, differt culmo gracili; foliis 
bracteisque brevioribus, angustioribus; spicis foemineis mino- 
ribus, remotis, magis squarrosis; squamis acutis, nec longe 
aristatis. 
I am indebted to Mr. Carey for Plorida specimens of tliis plant, 
gathered by Dr. Chapman, who then referred it, with a query, to 
C. turgescens, Tor., under which name it was published by Dewey, 
in 1847. The habit of the smaller forms is more that of G. in- 
tumescens , but its real affinity is with O. lupulina, and future ob¬ 
servation must determine whether it is separable from that species. 
A figure of the achenium of G. lupulina is given, to show its 
resemblance to that of C. Halei, more correct than in Tab. CLXII., 
where the subnodose prominence of the middle of the angles is 
too exaggerated. 
233. C. squarrosa (L.); spicis 1-5 androgynis basi 
masculis cylindricis ovalibus vel rotundatis approximatis 
erectis pedunculatis densifloris crassis echinatis flavidis 
demum ferrngineis, terminali majore basi cuneata mas- 
cula, reliquis basi parce masculis, infima rarius remota 
brevissime vaginata; bracteis foliaceis, inferioribus cul- 
mum longe superantibus; stigmatibus 3, brevibus; pe- 
rigyniis confertissimis obovatis vel turbinatis inflatis ab- 
rupte longe tenuiter rostratis, rostro lsevi vel scabro, ore 
bidentato, horizontaliter patentibus vel inferioribus re- 
curvatis parce nervatis membranaceis, squama lanceolata 
subobtusa vel acuminata acuta, nervo viridi margine 
pallida vel ferruginea latioribus longioribus.—C. squar- 
rosa, Lin. Sp. PI. 973 (1753); Willd. 215; 8chlc. p. 
37 ; Kunth, 428 ; Muhl. 231; Dewey, vii. 270, et /3. xi. 
316 ; Schw. et Tor. 299. t. 27 ; Drejer, Symb. 29. 1 .17 ; 
Dll. 526; Darlington, 354; Carey, 532; Sartwell, 
Dxs. n. 148 ; Chapman , 537. C. typhina, Mich. 169. 
C. typhinoides, Schw. An. tab. (fide DeioeyJ. (Tab. 
CCLXXX., CCLXXXI.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Canada to Georgia. 
Culmus 1-2-pedalis, acute triqueter, rigidus, superne sca- 
briusculus, foliatus, basi rudimentis foliorum purpureo-ferru- 
gineis, vaginisque foliorum facile laceratis tectus; pars spicas 
gerens 1-6 poll, longa. Folia 2-3^ lin. lata, ssepe culmo lon- 
giora. Br acted foliacese, inferiores 2-3 lin. latse, culmum longe 
superantes, subinde steriles, angustse: infima quandoque bre¬ 
vissime vaginata. Vagina 1-2 lin. longa, pallide ferruginea. 
Pedunculus infimus (-2 poll, longus, scaber. S'piece. poll, 
longse, 4-7 lin. latse, obtusse vel e flosculis superioribus abor- 
tivis acutse: infima ssepe 2-2| poll, remota: omnes basi cu- 
neatse, masculse, vel inferiores parce vel vix masculse. Squamce 
conformes, ssepe apice ciliolatse, mascuhe superiores, e matu- 
ratione perigyniorum, ssepe recurvatse. Perigynium (e com- 
pressione distortum) 3 lin. longum, 1 T \- lin. latum, demum (sub 
lente) punctis pallide ferrugineis maculatum. Achenium l T V-wo 
lin. longum, -A- lin. latum, ellipticum, utrinque acutum, trique¬ 
trum, faciebus concavis, punctulatum, basi styli apiculatum. 
A C. stenolepide differt spicis semper basi masculis, squamis 
lanceolatis, muticis. 
Neither Willdenow nor Schkuhr, who merely copy the descrip¬ 
tion of Linmeus, were acquainted with this beautiful species, 
originally found by Kahn in Canada. I have never seen specimens 
from so northern a locality. It was not brought from the British 
possessions by the arctic travellers, and in describing the Carices 
for Sir "W. J. Hooker’s ‘ Elora Boreali-Americana ’ this species 
was consequently omitted, from a forgetfulness of Kalm’s habitat. 
Michaux found it in Illinois. It was known only in its mono- 
stachyous form till 1817, when Muhlenberg noticed a variety with 
two spikes. Elliott, who had his specimen from Muhlenberg, 
describes it with a simple spike. Torrey, in 1824, alludes to two 
and three in his monograph. Drejer has beautifully figured it in 
his ‘ Symbol® 5 as monostachyous, but anticipated, from the exis¬ 
tence of the sterile bracts, that five or six spikes might be found. 
Dr. Barrett, I believe, first verified this conjecture, by finding 
specimens with five spikes. I have never seen six. Torrey, who 
takes no notice of G. typhinoides, Schw., which Dewey gives as a 
synonym, gives the range of this species from Canada to Georgia, 
remarking that it is not found in the low parts of the States. 
Elliott, on the authority of Muhlenberg, says it is found on the 
mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Chapman says, in swamps 
near the mountains of Georgia. Elliott’s specimen was from 
Muhlenberg, as I am informed by Mr. Curtis. I have not seen 
it from the southern States. It has been distributed in its finest 
development, by Dr. Barrett, from the highlands of New York 
and the banks of the Connecticut River ; and by Dr. Short from 
the Ohio. Tie speaks of it as one of the most common of the 
western species. It differs in the size and number of its spikes 
and in the breadth of the leaves and bracts. In the figures here 
given, the perigynia are drawn as seen in their compressed state. 
Drejer places it, with O. stenolepis, in his Spirostachyco, connecting 
that group with Physocarpce. 
234. C. stenolepis (Torrey); spicis 5-7 cylindricis 
stricte erectis comosis approximatis demum bruunescente- 
ferrugineis, terminali mascula vel basi mascula quandoque 
abbreviata vel obsoleta, reliquis foemineis, ima basi parce 
masculis crassis obtusis densifloris squarrosis, superioribus 
contiguis sessilibus, inferioribus subremotis exserte pe¬ 
dunculatis ; bracteis inferioribus vaginatis longissimis; 
stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis obconicis inflatis abrupte ros¬ 
tratis, rostro pallido bifido, nervosis densissime compactis 
glabris membranaceis horizontaliter patentibus, squama 
lineari aristasformi hispida pallida multum latioribus bre¬ 
vioribus.—C. stenolepis, Torrey, Mon. 420 {non Lessing '); 
Dewey, xxx. 59; Carey, 533; Drejer, Symb. 28. t. 16; 
Sartivell, Dxs. n. 149; Chapman, 537. C. Frankii, 
Kunth, 498 ; Kunze, 39. t. 9. C. Shortii, Steud. ( non 
Torrey). C. atlrerodes, Frank, Un. Itin. (1S35). (Tab. 
CCLXXXII.) 
IIab. In America septentrionali. Pennsylvania to 
New Orleans and Texas. Ohio. 
Culmus sub-2-pedalis, obtusangulus, firmus, stricte erectus, 
lsevis, inter spicas genuflexus; pars spicas gerens 4-7 poll, 
longa. Folia 2-4 lin. lata, culmo longiora, nervosa. Bradece 
inferiores vaginatse, latse : infima quandoque bipedalis : summa 
setacea, spica mascula ssepe longior. Vagina infima 1-11 
poll, longa. Pedunculus infimus 2-3 poll, longus, validus, 
lsevis, e spathella oriens. Spica mascula ^-1^ poll, longa, 2 
lin. lata, basi attenuata, laxiflora, subinde obsoleta. Spices 
feeminem i-U poll, longse, 4-5 lin. latse, omnes alternatim 
contiguse, vel infima 2-4 poll, remota, flavescenti-virideS, de¬ 
mum fusco-brunnescentes, rostro squamisque pallidis variegatse: 
ssepe spicse omnes (summa conspicue, alise inconspicue) basi 
masculse. Squama omnes conformes, inferiores latiores. Pe¬ 
rigynium (e compressione distortum) obovatum vel obconicum, 
2| lin. longum, sublineam latum. Achenium -A- lin. longum, 
2 C 
