90 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
typical form and in the varieties. Mr. Curtis first noticed these 
variations, in Sillhnan’s Journal, xliv. p. 84. His /3 androgyna 
(Tab. CCLXII.), he says, “ is an autumnal variety, flowering in 
October, quite polymorphous. The common typical form has but 
one male spike; sometimes two or more, and then it is the C. ver¬ 
rucosa of Elliott.” In Silliman, vii. p. 410, he describes his var. y 
polystachya (Tab. CCLXIII.). “Spikes 8-12,small,nodding,mostly 
staminate at the apex. Like the var. /3, it is an autumnal variety, 
but much smaller and less showy than the other forms, and is ap¬ 
parently produced by having been cropped early in the season by 
cattle. It grows by the margins of ponds at Society Hill, South 
Carolina.” The modifications of form in the perigynium I have 
observed in all the specimens. 
Drejer, I think, correctly places it in his JEorostachyce ; Tucker- 
man, evidently with some doubts, inserts it in his Acutes, consider¬ 
ing it allied to C. glauca, but he adds, “conf. G. UmosamP The 
emarginate aristate squama, and the occasional occurrence of 2 stig¬ 
mata, I think justify Drejer in his arrangement. 
The specimens figured in Tab. CCLXI. are (7 spikes) from 
Alabama, and (6 spikes) from Florida ; in Tab. CCLXII. and 
CCLXIII., from Carolina (Curtis). 
221. C. turgescens (Torrey); spicis 3-4 contiguis vel 
distantibus, terminali mascula cylindrica gracili breve 
pedunculata pallida, feemineis subrotundis vel oblongis 
crassis squarrosis aureis, suprema sessili, infima ssepe 
remota longe exserte pedunculata; bracteis culmo plus 
minus longioribus vel infima eo breviore; stigmatibus 3, 
aurantiacis; perigyniis ovato-lanceolatis subinflatis sen- 
sim rostratis, ore membranaceo emarginato plerumque 
obtuso ciliato, glabris crebre nervosis demum liorizon- 
talibus aureis concoloribus, squama late ovata acuta al- 
bida medio pallide viridi nervata plus duplo longioribus. 
—C. turgescens, Tor. Mon. 419 (excl. C. folliculata, Ell.)-, 
Dewey, iii. 356 : Scirtwell, Exs. n. 144 ; Chapman, 544. 
(Tab. CCLXIY.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. S. Carolina. Georgia 
and Alabama. Louisiana. 
Radix fibris longissimis. Culmus subtripedalis, gracillimus, 
firmus, obtusangulus, he vis, inferne foliatus, basi vaginis folio- 
rum pallidis tectusj pars spicas gerens 2-8 poll, longa. Folia 
1-2 lin. lata, culmo breviora, carinata, firma. Bractece (nisi 
summa interdum abbreviata) foliace®, nunc culmum longe 
superantes, vel infima eo brevior vel sub®quans, ssepe longe 
vaginans. Vagina infima 3-18 lin. longa. Pedunculus in- 
fimus 4 lin. ad 4 poll, longus, bevis, filiformis. Spica mas¬ 
cula 4-li poll, longa, 1-2 lin. lata, utrinque acuta, nuda 
vel bracteata. Squamae masculce pallid®, obtusse, margine 
membranace®, s®pe lineolis ferrugineis sparsis notat®. Spiece 
foeminece 6-11 lin. long®, 5-7 lin. lata:, 6-15-florae, summa 
plerumque sessilis, evaginata, vel bin® superiores breve pe- 
dunculat®, spic® mascul® arete contigu® ; infima subinde 
8 poll, remota, longe exserte pedunculata, cernua. Peri¬ 
gynium 4-44 lin. longum, ItVYo b n - latum, subcoriaceum, 
rostro rarius parce dentato oreque subobliquo, nervis conco¬ 
loribus. Achenium l T 5 o-—ro lin. longum, 1 lin. latum, ovali- 
triquetrum, ferrugineum, faciebus concaviusculis, basi styli 
persistente paulo crassiore apiculatum. 
I am indebted to Mr. Carey for specimens of this plant, which 
I suspect has occasionally been confounded with C. Elliottii, from 
which it is very distinct, not only in the colour and texture of the 
perigynium, but in the absence of male florets on the female spikes, 
and the distinct vaginae to the bracts. Mr. Carey in eighty-three 
specimens found three with 2 spikes, sixty-five with 3, and fifteen 
with 4 ; all with one male. Its affinity is with 0. folliculata, L., 
which species, Mr. Curtis tells me, is the plant so named by Elliott. 
Torrey had suspected that the G. folliculata of Elliott might prove 
to be G. turgescens, Torrey. 
222. C, Elliottii (Schw. et Tor.); spicis 3-4, termi¬ 
nali mascula cylindrica pedunculata straminea, feemineis 
apice masculis subrotundis crassis squarrosis olivaceis 
contiguis vel approximatis sessilibus evaginatis vel infima 
inserte, rarius remota longe exserte, pedunculata cernua; 
bracteis culmo subduplo longioribus ; stigmatibus 3, bre- 
vibus; perigyniis ovalibus inflatis subtriquetris sensirn in 
rostrum breve attenuatis glabris vel superne parce den- 
tatis, ore bifido, antice plurinerviis divergentibus oliva¬ 
ceis reticulato-punctulatis, squama ovata subacuta vel ro- 
tundata obtusa ciliolata albo-hyalina medio viridi nervata 
latioribus subduplo longioribus.—C. Elliottii, Schw. et 
Tor. 357 ; Tor. Mon. 418 ; Dewey, xi. 151; Kunth, 499 ; 
Sartwell, Exs. n. 141; Chapman, 544. 0. fulvaP, Muhl. 
246. C. castanea, Ell. 546. C. Baldwinia, Dewey, 26, 
107 ! (fide spec, ah auctore). (Tab. CCLXV.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. N. Carolina to Florida. 
Culmus 2-pedalis, gracilis, triqueter, rigidus, apice scabri- 
usculus, basi foliatus, rudimentisque foliorum vaginisque pur- 
pureis tectus; pars spicas gerens plerumque 24-3 poll, longa. 
Folia 1-14 lin. lata, culmum sub®quantia, linearia. Bractece 
1 lin. lat®, erect®, culmo longiores, nisi infima, evaginat®. 
Vagina 2 lin. longa. Spica mascula subpollicaris, 1-2 lin. 
lata, breve pedunculata, nuda vel bractea lanceolata breviori 
suffulta. Squamae masculce lanceolat®, stramine®, margine 
albo-hyalin®, obtus®. Spicce foeminece 6-8 lin. long®et lat®, 
apice mascul® : infima breve vaginata, inserte pedunculata, vel 
remota, longe exserte pedunculata, cernua ( Torrey , etc.). Pe¬ 
rigynium 3-y,- lin. longum, 14 lin. latum, postice 4-5-nervium. 
Achenium l-p^- lin. longum, T 7 0 lin. latum, ovali-triquetrum, 
punctulatum, ferrugineum, basi styli ®quali apiculatum. 
I have never seen specimens having the remote cernuous 
lower spike, as described by Torrey, Elliott, and Muhlenberg. 
As to its affinity, I think it is more allied to G. intumescens than 
G. folliculata, Lin. 
223. C. Schwemitzii (Dewey); spicis 4-6 cylindricis 
approximatis densifloris demum stramineis, terminalibus 
1-2 masculis vel inferiori basi vel medio et basi foeminea 
bracteata, foemineis evaginatis vel inferioribus exserte pe- 
dunculatis cernuis ssepe basi compositis ; bracteis infe¬ 
rioribus latis vaginatis culmum longe superantibus ; stig¬ 
matibus 3, brevibus ; perigyniis oblongo-ovatis vel ovali¬ 
bus inflatis in rostrum tenue acuminatis, ore subobliquo 
bifido, glabris leviter parce nervatis membranaceis diver¬ 
gentibus pallide stramineis, squama lanceolata acuta 
longe hispido-aristata albida nervo viridi latioribus lon¬ 
gioribus vel aristam subacquantibus.—C. Schweinitzii, 
Dewey, ix. 68 ; Schw. et Tor. 366 ; Carey, 533; Kunth, 
518 ; Sartwell, Exs. n. 151. (Tab. CCLXYI.) 
LIab. In America septentrionali. Canada to New 
Jersey. 
Culmus subpedalis, triqueter, obtusangulus, superne acut- 
angulus, scabriusculus, mollis, inferne foliatus; pars spicas 
gerens 4-8 poll, longa. Folia 2-5 lin. lata, culmo breviora, 
flaccida. Bractece inferiores 2-4 lin. lat®, plerumque plus 
minus vaginat®, culmo longiores, infima nunc pedalis. Va¬ 
gina infima 3-15 lin. longa. Pedunculus infimus 4-2 poll, 
longus. Spica mascula 15-24 lin. longa, 1-2 lin. lata, pedun¬ 
culata, altera paulo remota, sessilis, 6-14 longa, s®pe basi vel 
medio et basi foeminea, rarius spica suprema apice et basi 
mascula. Squamae masculce pallide ferrugine®, lanceolat®, 
acut® vel cuspidat®, margine albo-hyalin®. Spicce foeminece 
