ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
83 
vaginatis; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ellipticis utrinque 
acutis vel obovatis triquetris rostratis bifidis leviter ner- 
vatis scabris marginibus superne serratis quadrifariis ob¬ 
lique adscendentibus vel subexcurvis pallidis vel fuscis, 
squama lanceolata acuta brevi-cuspidata dorso striata 
laevi vel puberula castanea vel purpurea margine superne 
angusta albo-hyalina longioribus.—C. myosurus, Nees, 
Wight, Contr. 122; Kunth, 507. (Tab CCXXIX.— 
CGXXXIII.) 
Hab. In India orientali. In Himalaya sub tropica et 
temperata. Simla, Bd^worth, alt. 5-7000 ped. Kurnaon, 
Bogle, n. 104. Nepal, Wallich, n. 3382, 3384. Sikkim, 
et Nepal orient., alt. 5-8000 ped., Dr. Hooker. Bhotan, 
Griffith. Nilghiri, Wight, 1913, etc. 
Culmus 5-6-pedalis, validus, basi vaginis ferrugineis reticu- 
lato-fissis tcctus, apice gracillimus, cernuus, scaber; pars 
spicas gerens ssepe 4-pedalis. Folia 24-6 lin. lata, longissima. 
Bractece summse squamse formes : superiores setacese, spicis 
longiores : inferiores latte, culmo longiores. Vagina infima 4 
poll, longa. Pedunculi inferiores sgepe pedales, longe exserti: 
rachis spiearum superne filiformis, cernua. Spicce partiales 
10-12, apice spiculis sub-4 simplicibus remotis instructse, 
basi deorsum magis magisque ramosee. Rami superiores 3-4, 
spiculiferi: inferiores elongati, 8-12-poll., cernui, plus minus 
compositi, laxi: ramuli e vaginulis muticis vel setaceo-cuspi- 
datis egredientes. Spiculce 8 lin. ad 2\ poll, longte, 1^-2 lin. 
1 atte, basi laxiflorse, rectse vel curvatse, omnes apice masonite; 
pars staminifera subdimidiam vel partem longiorem vel bre- 
viorem spiculse occupans. Squamce castanea) vel fusco-pur- 
purete, apice ad margines albo-hyalinse, lanceolata) vel ob- 
longo-ovales; sensim, rarius abrupte, acuminatse; acuta), breve 
hispido-cuspidatse; dorso pubcrulse, medio leviter striatse. Peri- 
gyniurn 1——2 ^ lin. iongum, yy-yy lin. latum. Achenium 
1-1 yo lm. Iongum, yy-yy lin. latum, ellipticum, breve stipi- 
tatum, fuscum; angulis concoloribus, faciebus planis. 
Variat colore castaneo vel fusco-purpureo; inflorescentia 
simplici vel decomposita, semper laxa; perigyniis pallidis vel 
fuscis, plerumque adscendentibus, vel subexcurvis, nunquam 
liorizontalibus nec rubris nec purpureis lucidisve, semper tri¬ 
quetris, achenium arete vel laxiuscul'e vestientibus. 
It is impossible within the limits of a single plate to do justice 
to these fine paniculate species, and in Tab. CCXXIX. I have 
given a reduced figure of a large specimen from the Pulney Moun¬ 
tains, in the Peninsula of India, sent to me by Dr. Wight, iden¬ 
tical with theDindygul specimen in Herb. Arnott, to show the habit, 
the proportions being about one-fifth of the natural size; and in Tab. 
CCXXX. the upper portion of this specimen is represented in its 
natural proportions. I have since seen specimens from Bhotan, 
collected by Griffith, with a more difiuse composite inflorescence, 
the branches in the lower partial spikes being occasionally a foot 
in length. So variable is the development, however that in one of 
Dr. Wight’s specimens the lower spike is reduced to a solitary 
spicula. The species varies not only in the simple or compound 
inflorescence, and in the colour of the squamse, but in the length 
of the male apex of the spiculse, in the size and form of the peri- 
gynium, and in the breadth of the leaves. In the simpler forms 
the partial spikes have the spiculse arranged alternately on an un¬ 
branched rachis, or the lower spikes have one or two branches at 
base, each bearing 1-3 spiculse ; and in the more compound forms 
several of the lower spikes have several long compound branches, 
with alternate simple spiculse at top, and ramuli at the base. The 
squamse vary from a pale or light ferruginous, to a dark-purplish 
colour, appearing the more membranous the paler they are, and they 
vary from being narrow-lanceolate, gradually acute, to being broader, 
shorter, obtuse, with an abrupt acumination, and the cuspidate ex¬ 
tension of the rib is longer or shorter, rarely at times obsolete. 
The pubescence on the dorsum of the squamse is occasionally in¬ 
distinct or absent. The perigynium varies from l-fy to 2^ of a line 
in length, always triquetrous, and generally closely but sometimes 
loosely investing the achenium. It is scabrous on the upper part, 
but judging from the Sikkim specimens, becomes smoother, except 
at the margins, by age. The orifice I believe is normally acute, 
but the laciniae, which are serrate, are easily injured, and then the 
epithet of Nees, “laciniis prsemorsis,” applies. The spongy base 
contracts by age and gives an obovate form to it. Its colour is 
pale or more or less ferruginous at the upper part, or, as in the 
Sikkim and Bhotan specimens, the entire perigynium is of a dark 
opaque hue. In Herb. Arnott I observe a specimen from Cour- 
tallum, with the unpublished name of C. cequata, Nees, which differs 
in no other respects than that the male apex of the spiculse is 
is broader than usual, from the loose imbrication of the squamse. 
All Dr. Wight’s specimens. Wallich’s n. 3382, and one of 
Griffith’s, are pale ; Dr. Hooker’s Sikkim, Mr. Edgeworth’s from 
Simla, Royle’s n. 104, Wallich’s n. 3384, and Griffith’s from 
Bhotan, are purple. 
The specimens figured are,—- 
Tab. CCXXIX. and CCXXX. From the Pulney Mountains ; 
the same as the Dindygul specimen, n. 1913 in Herb. Arnott (not 
in Herb. Wallich or Herb. Banks). 
Tab. CCXXXI. Specimen from Herb. Wallich, n. 3384; the 
spiculse too straight, not showing their tendency to curvature, 
the inflorescence simple. 
Tab. CCXXXII. Specimen from the Nilghiri, n. 1291, Herb. 
Arnott: the spiculse with shorter male apices, the perigvnia 
broader, loosely investing the achenium. 
Tab. CGXXXIII. Specimen from Sikkim: the inflorescence more 
composite, and some of the perigynia more obovate than usual. 
207. G. baecans (Nees); inflorescentia C. myosuri, sed 
brevior densior, spicis partialibus erectis ; radii rigicla; 
spiculis crassioribus strictis congestis plus minus apice 
masculis; perigyniis turgide ovalibus vel globosis ssepe 
gibbosis inflatis horizontaliter divergentibus basi obtusis 
plus minus ssepe abrupte rostratis bifidis rostro deorsum 
spectante costato-nervosis glabris vel superne scabris, 
marginibus apice serratis, olivaceis vel flavidis rubro- 
tinctis demum atro-purpureis lucidis, squama late ovata 
sequilata obtusa, dorso striato-nervosa puberula cuspi- 
data ferrugineo-purpurea margine albo-hyalina demum 
deeolori longioribus.—C. baccans, Nees, Wight, Contr. 
122; Kuntli, 513. C. curvirostris, Kunze, 79. t. 20. 
(Tab. CCXXXIV.-CCXXXIX.) 
Hab. In India orientali: in regionibus tropicis et sub- 
tropicis Himalaya) orientalis ad Sikkim, alt. 2-6000 peck. 
Dr. Hooker. Khasiae, Griffith, Dr. Hooker, Dr. Thomson. 
Nilghiri, Dr. Wight, n. 1912, etc. Bombay, Mr. Scott. 
Ceylon, Walker. Java, Dr. Horsfield, Geering. China, Sir 
Geo. Staunton {Herb. Banks'). Cochin China, Gaudichaud 
{Herb. Mus. Paris). 
Culmus (pars spicas gerens sesquipedalis), folia, bractece que 
ut in C. myosuro. Spicce partiales inferiores, 6-8 poll, longse, 
strictse, erectse, pedunculis rigidis. Spiculce suberassse, con¬ 
gests. Perigynium 1 T 6 0 -2 T 2 0 lin. Iongum, T 8 (j -iyy ji n . latum, 
colore formaque varians, vel olivaceum, angulatum, vel flavi- 
dum, rubro plus minus tinctum, demum atro-purpureum, in- 
flatum, lucidum, dorso arcuatum, rostro deflexo antice ssepe 
gibbosum, plus minus apice ad nervos vel inter nervos scabrum, 
costato-nervosum, nervis demum obsoletis; ore, nervis margi- 
nalibus excurrentibus, acute bifido. Achenium lyy—yy lin. 
Iongum, yy- A lin. latum, ovale vel ellipticum, triquetrum, 
fuscum, faciebus concaviusculis punctulatum, oblique breve sti- 
pitatum; stylo obliquo basi incrassato. 
1. Variat inflorescentia laxiore, vel spicis inferioribus elon- 
Z 
