ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
79 
Eng. FI. 102; Fng. Bot. t. 2043; Kunth, 461 ; Brejer, 
Rev. 51; Lang, 91; Anderson, 36, t. 7./. 73; Reich. 
17. t. 238 ; Dewey, x. 41; Schw. et Tor. 358 [excl. C. 
lenticularis, Mx.) ; Tor. Mon. 425; Carey, 519 ; Sarkoell, 
Fxs. n. 60. C. elegans, Willd. Act. Berol. 34. t. 1./. 4. 
C. laxa, Dewey, xxvi. 376 ( non Wahl.). (Tab. CCXYI.) 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, et America septentrionali, in 
limosis. Lapland to Switzerland. Arctic America to 
Pennsylvania. Rocky Mountains, North-west Coast. 
Radix longe repens, articulata, stolonifera: fibris flavidis, 
lanosis. Culmus 1-li-pedalis, gracilis, erectns vel obliqnus, 
triqueter, scabrinsculus, basi foliatus, rudimentisque foliorum 
ferrugineis tectus. Folia angusta, J-f lin. lata, culmo multum 
breviora ( sterilia eo longiora), viridia, glaucescentia, firma, 
stricta, carinata. Bractece angustissimse: summa brevi seta- 
cea; infima culmo brevior, auricula ferruginea amplectens vel 
brevissime vaginans. Pedunculi setacei, lseves, subpollicares 
vel breviores, lseves, apice clavati, triauetri. Spica mascida 
6-13 lin. longa, 1-1^ lin. lata, arrecta: squamae masculse ob- 
tusiusculse vel acutissimse, mucronatse, nervo viridi vel con- 
colori: fosminese in speciminibus Lapponicis nunc acuminato- 
cuspidatse, perigynio longiores. Spices fceminece 4-10 lin. 
longse, 3-4 lin. latse, saepe apice masculae, a se 6-13 lin. re- 
motcC, pendulse. Perigynium 1-to _ tV bu. longum, l-l-po lin. 
latum; forma varians, subrotundum, ovatum vel ellipticum, 
compresso-trigonum vel trigono-anceps, antice planum vel 
plus minus convexum: rostello subinde nullo vel brevissimo, 
cylindrico vel conico : ore integro, interdum obliquo vel acute 
vel obtuse emarginato. Achenium 1 lin. longum, -foKx bn. 
latum, ovale, triquetrum, faciebus superne gibbis, inferne ca- 
viusculis, castaneum, basi styli apiculatum, saepe ustilagine 
morbidum. 
A C. livida abunde dilfert spicis pendulis, saepe apice mas- 
culis; auricula ferruginea brevissime vaginante; foliis angus- 
tioribus; fibris lanatis. 
A C. Magellanica differt spicis apice (nec basi) masculis, 
paucioribus, etc. 
I have never seen the terminal spike androgynous with male 
flowers at the top, as noticed by Fries. The female spikes, as in 
C. livida, are occasionally abortive. Smith (Eng. FI. p. 102) says, 
“Root creeping very extensively, sending forth smooth leafy 
runners deep into the mud, so that the flowers are rarely produced, 
at least in Norfolk.” Lang (p. 92) says, “ Spicse foemineas in C. 
limosa maxima ex parte sunt 2; in G. irrigua 3; mascul* in 
C. limosa frequenter 2; in O. irrigua semper solitaria.” I have 
never seen two male spikes in G. limosa, and no other author has 
noticed them. As to the number of spikes, I find in 119 speci¬ 
mens of G. limosa, from various localities in Europe—- 
3 with 1 spike (male only). 
78 „ 2 
38 „ 3 
119 
In 78 American specimens— 
1 with 1 spike (male only). 
46 „ 2 
30 „ 3 
1 „ 4 
78 
In 76 European specimens of O. Magellanica, I find— 
3 with 2 spikes. 51 with terminal spike male. 
42 „ 3 25 „ „ male at base. 
30 „ 4 
1 „ 5 
76 76 
In 62 American specimens of O. Magellanica — 
1 with 2 spikes. 47 with terminal spike male. 
26 „ 3 15 „ „ male at base. 
33 „ 4 
2 „ 5 
62 62 
It would appear from the above analysis, that in 197 specimens 
of G. limosa only 68 had two female spikes, while 124 had one. In 
138 specimens of G. Magellanica , 68 had two and 63 had three 
female spikes. The specimens figured of C. limosa are from 
Arctic America. The one with unusually long spikes, C. limosa, 
var. oblonga* Dewey, is from New York, varying from the com¬ 
mon American form in the length of its spikes. 
198. C. rariflora (Smith); spicis 3 rarius 2-4 oblongis, 
terra inali mascula erecta pedunculata f’usco-ferruginea, 
feemiueis laxi-paucifloris pendulis piceis approximatis vel 
infima subremota; bractea infima culmo breviore foliacea 
vel subulata, auricula purpurea oblonga amplectente vel 
breve vaginante; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ellipticis bre¬ 
vissime aut vix rostellatis glaucis, ore integro ferrugineo, 
subbiconvexis obscure nervatis, squama rotundato-ovata 
obtusa. vel acuta mucronata vel mutica amplectente picea 
angustioribus brevioribus vel subsequantibus.—C. rari¬ 
flora, Smith, Fng. Bot. t. 251 6 ; Eng. FI. 100 ; Anderson, 
xxxv. t. 6. f. 70; Lang, 93; Drejer, Rev. 51; Fries, 
Sum. 70. C. limosa, var. rariflora, Wall. Act. 162; FI. 
Lap. 242; Kunth, 461. C. stygia?, var. rariflora, Fries, 
Mant. iii. 142. (Tab. CCXVII.) 
Hab. In Europa et America septentrionali. Lapland 
to the alps of Scotland. Greenland. Canada. 
Radix repens, stolonifera: fibris longis, flavidis, lanatis. 
Culmus 4-9-poll., erectus, firmus, obtusangulus, lsevis, rarius 
acutangulus, scabriusculus, basi foliatus. Folia Jj-lf lin. lata, 
culmo breviora, plana, carinata, firma, superne scabra. Brac¬ 
tea: antice ligula elongata obtusa purpurea apice pallidiore 
sgepius breve vaginante vel amplectente instructs : infima sem¬ 
per culmo brevior, foliacea, vel subulata, subinde brevissima. 
Pedunculi 3-12 lin. longi, Iseves, superne clavato-triquetri. 
Spica mascula 3-5 lin. longa, 1 lin. lata: squamis masculis 
imbricatis, obtusissimis, apiculatis vel acutis, mucronatis, fusco- 
ferrugineis, demum decoloribus, Spicce fceminece 3-7 lin. 
longse, 2-2j lin. latse, rarissime apice masculBe: summa sub¬ 
inde brevis, erecta, infima longior: omnes plerumque laxi- 
floree, rarius subdensiflorae. Squamce fie min etc obvolventes, 
picege: nervo nunc pallidiore. Perigynium l--/-y—A lin. longum, 
tV ~~to fi n - latum, basi attenuatum, spongiosum, biconvexum 
vel insequaliter trigonum, obscure nervatum, vel nervis 2 mar- 
ginalibus prominentibus tenuissime granulatum: angustius 
ellipticum, utrinque acutum, vix rostellatum: vel latius ovale 
vel ovatum, stipitatum, rostellatum: ore integro, purpureo. 
Achenium 1 lin. longum, 1 lin. latum, oblongum, insequa- 
liter trigonum, punctulatum, ferrugineum, basi styli apicu¬ 
latum. 
A C. limosa differt omnibus partibus (nisi foliis ) minoribus; 
culmo plerumque obtusangulo, lsevi; spicis pluribus angustis, 
pauci-laxifloris, rarissime apice masculis; squamis piceis obvol- 
ventibus, mucronulatis; foliis planiusculis, parum latioribus; 
ligula elongata, ssepius vaginante. 
In 108 specimens I find- 
11 with 2 spikes. The female very rarely male at top. 
83 „ 3 In 2 the lower one was radical. 
14 „ 4 
I have not seen this species from the United States, and I should 
infer that it is not so common in Arctic America as in Europe. 
M. Spach says, in a note to me, “ Ex speciminibus Lapponicis in 
X 
