ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
77 
capitata straminea involucrata, e spiculis 3-6 ovatis an- 
drogynis apice masculis arete congestis, inferioribus 1-2 
longe bracteatis; bracteis erectis; stigmatibus 2; peri- 
gyniis late ovatis vel suborbiculatis rostratis bidentatis 
plano-convexis marginibus acutis superne subalatis serru- 
latis antice obsolete vel leviter postice plerumque basi 
nervatis breve stipitatis stramineis rostro ferrugineo mem- 
branaceis, squama ovata acuta vel cuspidata margine sca- 
riosa paulo longioribus.—C. involucrata, Boott. C, Bona- 
riensis, Schlecht. in Linnaea , x. 116; Kunth, 378 ( non 
JDesf.). (Tab. CCX.) 
TIab. In America australi, Gillies {Herb. Hooker). 
Culmus subpedalis, gracilis, be vis. Folia 1 lin. lata, culmo 
breviora. Bractea infima 1—1^-poll., altera spica paulo longior. 
Spica 6-9 lin. longa et lata. Perigynium l-ty—Ar lin. longum, 
-pc'—1 bm latum. Achenium T 6 - 0 —bn. longum et latum, or- 
biculatum, plano-convexum, basi styli clavata. 
Affinis C. cephalophora, Muhl., quee differt culmo scabro; 
foliis longioribus et latioribus; bracteis setaceis, reflexis; peri- 
gyniis bifidis; squamis longe aristatis. 
193. C. Franklinii (Boott); spicis 6-10 rubro-ferrugi- 
neis, superioribus congestis sessilibus insequalibus, ter- 
minali ovata apice mascula, proximis linearibus masculis 
vel basi parce foemineis, reliquis ellipticis utrinque acutis 
remotis exserte pedunculatis nutantibus ssepe omnino 
foemineis, infima interdum composita; bracteis inferiori- 
bus angustis vaginatis culmo brevioribus; stigmatibus 3 
vel 2; perigyniis ellipticis vel ovatis vel fusiformibus 
plano-trigonis vel compressis plus minus rostratis, ore 
liyalino emarginato fimbriato oblique fisso, nervatis su¬ 
perne scabriusculis margine serrulatis membranaceis, 
squama ovata acuta mucronulata vel subobtusa dorso 
puberula margine hyalina longioribus.—C. Franklinii, 
Boott; Hooker. FI. Bor. Am. 217. t. 218. (Tab. CCXI.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Rocky Mountains, 
Drummond. 
Culmus 2-3-pedalis, interne obtusangulus, Levis, superne 
scabriusculus, strictus, rigidus, nudus basi foliatus vaginisque 
ferrugineis laceratis tectus; pars spicas gerens 3-5 poll, longa. 
Folia latitudine varia, plana, lineam lata, vel involuta vel seta- 
cea, apice attenuata, firma, elongata, culmo breviora. Bractea 
inferiores angusta, vaginatse, sursum obsolete. Vagina infima 
3-4 lin. longa. Pedunculi 2 lin. ad 2 poll, longi, setacei, scabri. 
Spica 5-11 lin. longge, 1-3 lin. latse; terminalis apice mascula, 
ad ejus basin 1-3 sessiles, lineares, masculae .vel basi parce foe- 
minese; reliqum ovata?., apice masculae, vel inferiores ellipticae, 
foemineae, remotae, exserte pedunculatae, nutantes. Squama 
conformes. Perigynium l-ty-2 lin. longum, f.-f lin. latum, 
ellipticum vel ovatum : vel 2J lin. longum, -ty fin. latum, 
superne rubro-ferrugineum, scabriusculum, basi pallidum, gla- 
brum, compressum vel plano-trigonum, nervatum, membrana- 
ceum. Achenium (cum stipite T ty lin. longo) 1 lin. longum, 
':' r ’o — 'l'o fin- latum, triquetrum vel plano-convexiusculum, fer- 
rugineum, basi styli puberuli apiculatum. 
I have not seen any specimens of this plant but those brought 
by Drummond. In the Flora Bor. Americana I quoted as a sy¬ 
nonym the C. ovata of Dewey and Torrey. On referring, how¬ 
ever, to their notice of that species, I find that neither of them 
had seen it. Dewey erroneously describes its spikes as apice mas- 
cuIcb, and this either misled me or I found the specimens of C. 
Franklinii in Herb. Hooker named C. ovata by them. Dewey has 
not included this species in his reports in Silliman’s Journal. Its 
affinity is with the Ferruginece , with species of which group Drejer 
has placed it in his first table of affinities. In that table there are 
some corrections to be made. The C. asperula, Nees, is his C 
psyclirophila ; and the C. ovata, Rudge, and C. Caucasian, Stev., are 
perhaps only varieties of C. atrata, L. C. nigritella, Drejer, is the 
C. stylosa, Meyer; and C. arctica, Dewey, is C. Parryana, Dewey. 
C. misandra, Br., is C. fuliginosa, St. and Hop. 
194. C. fuliginosa (Sternberg et Hoppe); spicis 2-5 
rarius 6 obovatis vel ellipticis atro-purpureis, terminalibus 
1-2 basi masculis subsessilibus, reliquis foemineis remotis 
exserte pedunculatis nutantibus, infima rarius radicali; 
bracteis superioribus squamaeformibus inferioribus vagi¬ 
natis brachyphyllis; stigmatibus 3-2 ; perigyniis lanceo- 
latis plano-trigonis vel compressis rostratis, ore albo- 
hyalino oblique fisso demum bifido vel bilobato, superne 
margine serratis enerviis atro-purpureis basi albidis mem¬ 
branaceis, squama ovata obtusa vel subacuta atro- vel Isete 
purpurea margine albida angustioribus longioribusque. 
-—C. fuliginosa, Stcrnb. et Hopp. Act. Soc. Bot. Batisbon, 
i. 159. t. 3; Hopp. et Sturm, Car. Germ. Icon.; Kunze, 
57. t. 14; Anderson, 26. t. 7 . f. 90; Drejer, Rev. Grit. 
54 ; Lang, 116 ; Franklin, Nar. App. 763 (1823); Koch, 
8S1; Dewey, xi. 152; Tor. Mon. 407. C. frigida, Wahl. 
FI. Suec.! C. misandra, Brown, Barry, Voy. Suppl. 283, 
309; Tor. Mon. 325. C. fuliginosa, /3, Lang, 117. 
(Tab. CCXII.) 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, et America arctica. Lapland 
to tire alps of Germany. Behring’s Straits, Wright. 
Greenland, FaJtl. Arctic seacoast of North America, 
Ross, Barry, Franklin, Sir John Richardson. 
Radix fibrosa. Culmus 3-12-poll., gracilis, kevis, apice se- 
taceus, nutans, basi foliatus vaginisque pallide ferrugineis tec¬ 
tus; pars spicas gerens 1-5 poll, longa. Folia plana, 1 lin. 
lata, vel involuta; in speciminibus altioribus vix partem. ter- 
tiam inferiorem culmi attingentia, Bractea superiores squa- 
mEefonnes, purpureas: inferiores vaginatse, pedunculo breviores; 
vel infima foliacea, spiculam aequans. Vagina infima 2-11 
lin. longa : omnes plus minus purpurascentes. Pedunculi infe¬ 
riores \-2\ poll, longi, setacei, scabri. Spica plerumque 3-5, 
obovatae vel ellipticae, 4-9 lin. longae, 2-3 lin. latae, subinde 
omnes basi masculae. Squama conformes. Perigynium 2-2ty 0 
lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, superne vacuum; ore albo-hyalino, 
antice altius fisso, subintegro, vel demum emarginato vel bifido 
vel bilobo; inferne plano-trigonum vel compressum. Ache¬ 
nium breve stipitatum, -jty lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, oblongum 
vel obovatum, trigonum vel (stigmatibus 2) angulo antico ob¬ 
solete) : rarius racheola -ty lin. longfi instructum. 
A C. frigida, AIL, differt radice fibrosa, omnibus partibus 
gracilioribus; spicis minoribus, superioribus, rarius omnibus, 
basi masculis, pedunculatis; bracteis brevioribus; perigyniis 
ore albo hyalino; foliis brevioribus. 
Anderson says of this species, “ Synonyma difficillime extri- 
canda.” I have quoted only two, that of C. misandra, Brown, and 
C. frigida, Wahl., for both of which I have authentic specimens. 
I do not quote Schkuhr, C. C. fig. 47, for the figure is certainty 
not characteristic, and Will denow and Reichenbach refer it to C. 
frigida, All. Nor do I quote Reichenbach’s figure, for, as Ander¬ 
son says, he has misapplied the names; his C. fuliginosa, t. 249, 
being C. frigida, All., and his C. frigida, t. 250, being the C. fuli¬ 
ginosa, St. and Hop., but not very good. Brown, in his original 
description of C. misandra, alludes to an umbelliferous arrange¬ 
ment in the inflorescence. It is observable occasionally in imper¬ 
fectly developed specimens, two or three spikes apparently pro¬ 
ceeding from one of the upper squamseform bracts. The specimens 
figured in Tab. CCXII. were from the seacoast of Arctic America, 
