ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
129 
emargmato, costato-nervosis puberulis pallide viridibus 
membranaceis, squama subaequilata oblongo-ovata obtusa 
mutica, vel lanceolata acuminata acuta vel cuspidata 
amplectante ferruginea medio viridi nervosa margine 
hyalina longioribus vel brevioribns.—C. Halleriana, Asso, 
Syn. t. 9./. 2. (1779); Grenier et Go dr on, 416. C. al- 
pestris, Allioni, Ped. 270 (1785) ; Wahl. Act. i57; 
Schk. f. 35; Willd. 284; Kunth, 479; Biebst. 389. 
0. gynobasis, Vill. (1787) ; Schk. p. 71 ; Gaud. Agrost. 
138 ; Koch, 877 ; Bertol. 91. C. anomala, Pallas, sec. 
Biebst. C. diversiflora, Hort. t. 70. C. planostachys, 
Kunze, 138. t. 35. (Tab. CCCCXV.-CCCCXYI.) 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, Africa, et America septen- 
trionali.—France to Italy and Corsica. Caspian Sea. 
Algiers (. Durieu ). Mexico {Schiede). Woods on the 
Colorado River, West Texas ( Wright , Herb. Torrey et 
Gray). Wet Rocks, Upper Guadaloupe, Texas ( Lind- 
heimer, Herb. Gray). 
Rhizoma crassum, culmos csespitosos foliaque edens. Culmi 
5-15-poll., debiles, graciles, ssepe reclinati, basi foliati. Folia 
rigida, filiformia, demum plana, 1 lin. lata, marginibus plus 
minus revolutis, apice attenuata, sac;pc arcuato-reeurva, culmo 
breviora vel longiora. Bractece superiores (nisi summa) vagi- 
nate vel evaginatse, foliacese; summa nunc squamiformis 
cuspidata, obcordata; inferiores vaginatse, elongate, Spica 
terminalis mascula vel rarius basi flosculis femineis 1-2 in- 
structa; inferiores (subinde omnes) radicales, vel 1-2 rarius 
3 masculse contiguse, 1-7- vel pluriflorse ; axis demum fracti- 
flexa. Squama; castanese vel pallidse, margine hyalinse; mas¬ 
culse obtusse, muticse, ovate ; feminese conformes vel lanceo¬ 
late, acuminate, acute, nervo excurrente. Perigynium 2- r 2 „ 
lin. longum, t 7 o--t 8 o lin. latum. Achenium conforme, 1-jV lin. 
longum, Ao hn. latum, ellipticum, triquetrum, punctulatum, 
basi styli sequali apiculatum. 
The name which Asso originally gave to this species is generally 
quoted by authors as a synonym to that of Allioni or Villars, but 
I think with Grenier and Godron that it should be restored to it. 
I have had the opportunity of examining the plant of Schiede and 
Wright from Mexico and Texas, through the kindness of Kunze 
and Drs. Torrey and Gray, and cannot detect any character which 
justifies its separation from the European and African plant. The 
species resembles O. Imlcii, and more particularly several of the 
Digitatce group, differing in its foliaceous bractese. 
The specimens figured are those of Durieu, from Algiers. Those 
in Tab. CCCCXY. represent the usual size of the European plant. 
No. 1 is a male terminal spicula, with the lower squama having 
the form of a bract, with a solitary female floret. It may be re¬ 
garded as a lateral one-flowered spicula. 2 is a lateral andro¬ 
gynous spicula. 3 is a radical 3-flowered spicula with lanceolate 
cuspidate squamae. At p is a subrevolute section of a leaf, and 
p* shows the revolution with margins applied to the costa. Tab. 
CCCCXVI. exhibits the larger development of the plant, with 
elongate leaves and larger spiculse. 
294, C. alligata (Boott); spica brevi atro-purpurea, e 
spiculis 5 cylindricis erectis contiguis sessilibus, terminali 
mascula, reliquis femineis densifloris; bracteis inferiori- 
bus culmum superantibus, rigidis, strictis, evaginatis vel 
infima brevissime vaginata; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis 
ovalibus, rostellatis, bidentatis, plano-convexiusculis ener- 
viis vel antice 8-4 nervatis lucidis, glabris, fusco-ferru- 
gineis, dense spongiosis, squama ovata obtusa vel acuta 
cuspidata, trinervi, firma, purpurea, margine albo-mem- 
branacea, subsequilata longioribus vel brevioribus. (Tab. 
CCCCXVII.) 
Hab. Sandwich Islands. District of Waimea, Ha¬ 
waii, Wilkes {Herb. Gray). 
Culmus 2-pedalis, acute triqueter, rigidus, validus, apice 
scaber, basi foliatus, pars spicigera 2-3 pollices longa. Folia 
2-3 lin. lata, culmo breviora, rigida, basi conduplicata, su- 
perne marginibus revolutis. Bractece inferiores 2, culmum 
superantes, infima 5-6 pollices longa, in uno specimine vagina 
3 lin. longa instructa. Spicula mascula 10-12 lin. longa, 
1 lin. lata; feminese 1-1^ pollices longse, 2 lin. latse, omnes 
contiguse, sequialtse, sessiles vel infima \ \ poll, remota, breve 
exserte pedunculata. Squamae omnes breve cuspidate. Peri¬ 
gynium 1 t V~to lin. longum, Ao _ tV hn. latum, laciniis denti- 
culatis. Aclienium T 9 - 0 - lin. longum, T fi ,i hn. latum, ovale, plano- 
convexiusculum, basi styli sequali apiculatum. 
I am indebted to Dr. Gray for the knowledge of this species, 
the specimens figured being those from his Herbarium. The 
affinity is with G. lucida /3, of New Zealand. 
295. C. basilaris (Jordan); spica castaneo-viridi, e 
spiculis 3-5, terminali, mascula oblonga, femineis ova¬ 
libus vel oblongis remotis, inferioribus (subinde apice 
masculis) radicalibus cernuis longe exserte pedunculatis ; 
bracteis vaginatis culmo brevioribus inferioribus elon- 
gatis; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis obovatis rotundato-tri- 
gonis late conico-rostratis ore bidentato leviter nervatis, 
pilosis, squama ovata, acuminata acuta vel truncata aris- 
tata longioribus.—C. basilaris, Jordan, Obs. PI. France, 
246. 1. 12; Grenier et Godron, 41 5. C. depressa. Link? 
in Schrad. Diar. But. Willd. 250 ; Schk. f. 120 ; Kunth, 
489. (Tab. CCCCXVIIL) 
Hab. In Europa et Africa.—Queen of Spain’s Chair, 
near Gibraltar, March 25, 1841, Dr. C. Lemann {Herb. 
Boott). Cannes, Jordan, 1857. Algiers, Durieu. 
I am indebted to M. Spach for African specimens and the fol¬ 
lowing detailed description and figures of this species,—the 
French specimens and those from Gibraltar differing from the 
African ones, in the lower spiculse, being, as Grenier and Godron 
remark, “ quelquefois males cm sommet — 
“ Rhizoma prorepens, plus minusve nodosum, foliorum basibus 
emarcidis vel in fibrillos solutis vestitum. Culmi csespitosi, 4-15 
poll, longi, debiles, subfiliform.es, basi foliosi, ima basi squamosi et 
quasi bulboso-incrassati. Ex culmis 27, plerique prsebent spicas 
femineas 3, alii spiels radicalibus 1 vel 2, pauciores 2 alteram 
radicalem alteram subterminalem : unicum spicis radicalibus 3, 
et terminali 1. Raro desunt spicse radicales. Spiculse feminese 
9-15-florae (rarius 20) vel macriores 5-7-florse, oblougse vel 
ovoideae vel clavato-oblongse, densse, ssepe 6-7 lin. longse : radi¬ 
cales longe pedunculate, superiores nunc longe nunc brevius pe¬ 
dunculate vel summa subsessilis, plerumque bractea vaginata 
foliacea plus minus elongata stipatse, vel breve bracteate prse- 
sertim summa, in culmis spiculiferis 2 superne instructis. Spicula 
summa modo spicse masculse approximata modo 1-3 poll, remota, 
prsesertim ubi culmus singula gaudet spicula. Spica mascula 5-8 
lin. longa, erecta, stricta, densa, oblonga, ssepe squama infima vel 
bractea (nempe nunc sterili nunc staminifera) longe cuspidata 
instructa. Squama infima etiam occurrit feminiflora. Squamse 
feminese uninerviae, fulvse, medio virides amplexatiles perigynio 
ssepe latiores et longiores vel sequilongse, polymorphse, oblongo- vel 
ovali-obovatae vel obovato-orbiculares, rarius (prsesertim summse) 
ovato- vel ovali-lanceolatse apice truncato vel rotundato vel emar- 
ginato vel acuminato, aristato-cuspidatse (nunc longe nunc brevius 
interdum brevissime): squamse varie cuspidate absque certo ordine 
situs in omni fere spica obvise. Squama infima seepissime sequen- 
tibus brevius aristata, baud raro solum in mucronem producta. 
