ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
137 
1835, by Mr. Moore, and lately by Muller on the mountains of 
Victoria, Australia. It is common in the United States. 
Tab. CCCOXXXVIII. n. 1, 2. Specimens from Sweden and 
Norway. 
n. 3, from Ireland. 
n. 4, with the details, from Australia. 
Tab. CCCCXXXIX. Specimens from Ohio and Rhode Island, 
with the terminal spike male, or male at top and at the base. 
Some of the Ohio specimens have unusally long spiculse (15 lines 
long.), and are of a pale colour, which is often the case in speci¬ 
mens from the North of Europe. 
312. C. Gmelini (Hooker); spica oblonga, purpnreo- 
ferruginea, e spiculis 3—6 oblongis vel cylindricis erectis 
approximates terminal! basi vel omnino mascula reliquis 
femineis, inferioribus pedunculatis infima rarius remota 
longe exserte pedunculata ; bracteis inferioribus culmo 
longioribus subinde breve vaginatis; stigmatibns 3; 
perigyniis suborbiculatis vel ovalibus compressis plano- 
convexis vel trigonis rostellatis lucidis ferrugineis, ore 
integro vel subemarginato purpureo, nervatis stipitatis, 
squama ovata obtusa longe hispido-euspidata purpurea 
nervo pallido sequilata longioribus vel aequantibus.—C. 
Gmelini, Hooker, JBot. Beechey's Voy. t. 27 ; Gmelin, 
II. Sib. i. 139, t. 30,/. 1; Kunth, 434 ; FI. Boss. 288; 
Maximoimcz, Brim. FI. Amur. ; Steud. 203. C. acrolepis, 
Ledeb. Soc. Bot. Batisb. iii. 56 {fide FI. Boss.) ( non 
liebm. Steud. 196). (Tab. CCCCXL.) 
Hab. In Asia, America septentrionali (Oregon).—Cape 
Mulgrave and Kotzebue Sound, Captain Beechey. Behr¬ 
ing’s Straits, Peters ; Wright, N. Pacif. Fxp. Olga Bay, 
Tartary, Wilford {Herb. Hooker). Baie de Castries, 
Maxim oioicz. Marckau, Siberia, Turcz. ; “ C. Bux- 
baumii, var.” (Herb. Hooker). N.W. coast. North 
America, Menzies. Sitcha. 
Cuhnus 1-2-pedalis, ssepe validus, rigidus, acute triqueter, 
scaber, basi foliatus; pars spicigera 2/4 poll, longa, rarius 
longior (9 pollices). Folia 2-2^ lin. lata, culmo breviora. 
Bradece inferiores 2, culmo longiores, breve vaginatse, vel 
infima uno specimine vagina pollicari instructa. Pedimculi 
triquetri, scabri; infimus 1-1|, rarius of poll, longus. Peri¬ 
gynium lucidum, ferrugineum, rostello brevi purpureo; ore 
integro truncato vel subemarginato ; stipitatum, forma et 
magnitudine varians vel ovale trigonum, 1 -f lin. longum, 
-/o lin. latum, vel ellipticum, 1/ lin. longum, latum, vel 
suborbiculatum, plano-convexum, 2 lin. longum, 1/ lin. latum. 
Achenium 1/ lin. longum, Ao—A lin. latum, triquetrum, sub¬ 
orbiculatum, breve stipitatum. 
A C. Buxbaitmii, Wahl., differt spiculis pedunculatis; pe¬ 
rigyniis ferrugineis, plano-convexis; ore integro; squamis 
longe hispido-cuspidatis. 
In the FI. Rossica, the author remarks:—“ Alias notas (squamas 
aristatas) quibus a O. atrata, [3, dilferat, dicere mihi equidem non 
contigit. In O. atrata, spica terminalis omnino mascula, nunquam 
mihi obvia ; perigynia ventricosa, enervia; bractese breves, evagi- 
natss; squamae semper muticae. 
In a specimen of Wright’s the lower spicula is 8 inches remote, 
on a long (5J- inches) exserted peduncle, and with a vagina 14 lin. 
long. 
The specimens figured are from Kamtchatka {Dr. Peters), for 
which I am indebted to my late friend, Dr. Charles Lemann. 
313. C. fulva (Goodenough); spicis 3-4 castaneis, 
mascula 1 rarius 2 cylindricis, femineis 2-3 rarius apice 
masculis^ ovatis vel oblongis approximatis vel remotis 
vaginatis, infima exserte pedunculata erecta ; bracteis va¬ 
ginatis infima culmum subsequante vel eo breviore ; stig- 
matibus 3; perigyniis ellipticis rostratis bifidis, ore mar- 
gine hyalino, biconvexis plus minus nervatis rostro mar- 
gine scabro erectis vel clivergentibns, squama ovata acuta 
castanea rnargine superne hyalina plerumque longioribus. 
—C.fulva, Good.in Linn. Trans, ii. 177, t. 20,/. 6 (1792); 
Schk. T., figures dextree ficon. Good.) ; Smith, Hng. FI.; 
Fng. Bot. i. 1295. C. Greeniana, Dewey, Sill. (Tab. 
CCCCXLI.) 
Hab. In Europa et America septentrionali. 
Culmus 12-15-pollicaris, gracilis, scaber, basi foliatus ; 
pars spicas gerens 2-7 poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo 
breviora, viridia. Bradece vaginatse,, nisi summa; vagina in¬ 
fima 6-14 lin. longa. Spiculce mascula; 6-12 lin. longse, 1 lin. 
latse, contiguse. Spica; feminece 3-10 lin. longse, 2-3 lin. 
latse, a se 1-5 poll, remotse. Squamae conformes, masculse 
obtusse. Perigynium 2/—A lin. longum, / bn- latum, 
demum fusco-brunneum. Achenium So lin. longum, A latum, 
obovatum, triquetrum. 
Var. /3. sterilis; perigyniis flavidis, achenio abortivo. 
(Tab. CCCCXLII.) 
Var. y. Hornschuchiana; spicis femineis 1—5, infima 
subinde basi composita ; bractea infima spicam suam 
superante ; perigyniis l/ 0 —2 lin. longis, -/y—lin. latis, 
viridibus, demum flavidis, rostro fusco; achenia / 0 
lin. longa, i%—/o lin- lata, obovata; culmo glabro vel 
scabriusculo.—C. Hornschuchiana, Hoppe, Begb. Bot. 
Stz. (1824). C. speirostachya, Smith, Eng. FI. iv. 98 
(1828); Eng. Bot. t. 2770. C. fulva, Schk. T. {figura 
sinistra). (Tab. CCCCXLIII.) 
C. fulva was first noticed by Goodenough in 1792, and since 
that time two plants have been described, C. xanthocarpa , Des- 
gland (1806), which has been considered as a sterile form of C. 
fulva; and C. Hornschuchiana, Hoppe (1824), the C. speirosta¬ 
chya, Smith (1828), which has generally been thought to be a dis¬ 
tinct species. 
That C. fulva {typica) is ocasionaily sterile is evident from 
specimens from various localities ; and several authors, especially 
Godron, have supposed it to be a hybrid with C. distans or C. 
flava. Goodenough says nothing of an achenium, but Smith de¬ 
scribes his plant as having one; while others, who consider C. 
fulva as sterile, take no notice of the fertile form. I have figured 
both, and the distinction between them is the yellow ventricose 
perigynium, with its abortive achenium, in the var. /3, as contra¬ 
distinguished from the ultimately brown perigynium, with its 
perfect achenium, in what I have considered as the type. 
From an examination of specimens of C. fulva and C. Horn¬ 
schuchiana {C. speirostachya , Sm.) in Smith’s Herbarium, and from 
Hoppe, Wahlenberg, Fries, and others, I can detect no exclusive 
characters, nor does the investigation of those enumerated in our 
various Flora; lead to any satisfactory evidence of a specific dis¬ 
tinction between them. 
Hoppe distinguishes C. Hornschuchiana by the male spike being 
attenuate at base, the female sub-3, cylindrical; fruit ovate, acumi¬ 
nate, nerved; stem smooth ; bracts short; and roots stoloniferous. 
Q. fulva by the linear-lanceolate male spike, the female 3, 
oblong, distant; fruit ovate, elliptical, rostrate, bidentate, yel¬ 
lowish ; stem rough at top; longer bracts; root csespitose, the 
tufts larger, of a grass-green colour. 
All the specimens I have from Hoppe are the var. /3. 
Smith describes bis C. speirostachya as having mostly 3 female 
spikes, a smooth stem ; fruit ribbed, smooth, green, with a deeply 
cloven beak, which is membranous at the orifice ; seed obovate, 
with 3 angles. 
