138 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
0. fulva as having 2 rarely 3 female spikes ; stem rough, acute- 
angled; fruit spreading, brownish, with a shortish, cloven, rough- 
edged beak; seed roundish-triangular. 
The specimens of 0. fulva in his herbarium from Beattie, 
which he quotes under his G. fulva, have the orifice of the perigy- 
nium distinctly membranous; and yet, in the Eng. El., C. speiro- 
stacliya is n. 28, and G. fulva n. 40,—thus widely separated from 
each other. 
Koch, who, like Smith, describes the root of both plants as 
creeping or stoloniferous, says of— 
G. Hornschuchiana; spicis femineis plerumque 3, infima longe 
remota ; bractea infima spicam (suam) superante fructibus adscen- 
dentibus; culmo glabro vel apice scabriusculo. 
G. fulva; spicis femineis 2 vel 3, superioribus approximatis; 
bractea infima spicam masculam attingente vel superante, fruc¬ 
tibus patentibus, inferioribus saepe horizontaliter expansis ; culmo 
scabro. 
A reference to the figures will show that several of these cha¬ 
racters are not to be depended upon. The perigynia in both 
plants, at least the lower ones, are divergent, those of C. fulva 
more apparently so, from the larger size of the perigynia; and 
the stem iu both is more or less scabrous, and the bracts variable 
iu length. 
It is remarkable that Goodenough originally received G. fulva 
from America, and that the late Mr. B. D. Greene found it some 
years ago near Boston, and that no one has since met with it 
there or elsewhere in the States. 
The specimens figured are— 
Tab. CCCCXLI. a. fertile! “ C. fulva.'” 
n. 1. Ireland, Ball. 
n. 2. Germany, Nolle. 
n. 3. England, Lemann. 
n. 4. Boston, U.S.A., Mr. Greene. 
Tab. CCCCXLII. /3. sterile! “ G. fulva.” 
n. 1. Sweden, Fries. 
n. 2. Germany, Hoppe. 
Tab. CCCCXLIII. y. “ G. Hornschuchiana “ 0. speirosta- 
chya .” 
n. 1. England, Spruce. 
n. 2. Germany, Hoppe. 
314. C. trifida (Cavanilles) ; spica elongata ferrugineo- 
purpurea, e spiculis 7-9 crassis comosis cylindricis erectis 
densi-multifloris alternatim contiguis, masculis 1-4 sessi- 
libus, femineis 6-6, inferioribus basi attenuatis exserte 
pedunculatis nunc basi compositis ; bracteis inferioribus 
vaginatis longissimis ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis obovatis 
abrupte rostratis vel oblongis triquetris bifidis nervatis 
longe stipitatis fuscis, squama oblonga alte emarginata 
vel integra purpurea vel ferruginea longe hispido-aristata 
brevioribus.—C. trifida, Cav. Icon. v. 41, t. 465; Wahl. 
Act. 162; Schk. f. 202; Willd. 301; Kunth , 501; 
Brongn. Voy. Coquille, Bot. 158; Freyc. Voy.Bot. 131; 
Hook. fit. FI. Antarct. 89 el 368, et FI. N. Zeal. 
284; Gay , FI. Civil. 222; Blend. 241. C. incrassata, 
Solander, Herb. Banks (non Bchlecht.). G. aristata, 
JI Urville, FI. Malouines; Trans. Linn. Boc. Paris, iv. 
599. (Tab. CCCCXLIV.) 
Hab. In America meridionali; Asia.—Falkland Islands, 
Cavanilles, H Urville, J. I). Hooker. Cape Tres Montes, 
Chili, Darwin, n. 303, Herb. Ilenslow, Gay. New Zea¬ 
land, Banks and Solander {Herb. Banks'). Lord Auck¬ 
land’s group and Campbell’s Island, J. D. Hooker. 
Culmus 2-pedalis et ultra, validus, triqueter, lscvis; pars 
spicigera 9-15 poll, longa. Folia 4-7 lin. lata, longissima. 
Bractece inferiores lade, vaginatse, culmum longe superantes. 
Spiculae crassse, 1-4 pollices longje, 5-7 lin. latte. Squamae 
conformes. Perigynium (cum stipite -f lin. longo) 2J lin. 
longum, -f lin. latum, obovatum, abrupte rostratum ventri- 
cosum vel angustius lanceolatum, -/%—V lin. latum, trique¬ 
trum, nervatum, spongiosum, fusco-brunneum, glabrum, vel 
superne ad marginem parce rarius dentatum. Achenium 
1 liu. longum, | lin. latum, ovale, triquetrum, punctulatum ; 
stylo basi contorto, vel in perigynio angustiore recto. 
Variant spica terminali basi mascula, femineis ( superioribus) 
apice masculis, aliisque interdum basi parce masculis. 
This noble species is allied to O. riparia rather than to G. pseudo- 
cyperus, as Kunth was inclined to think. Cavanilles describes 
the squamae “gluma apice trifida, laciniis lateralibus latioribus, 
media breviore, ex qua arista prodit gluma longior and Schkuhr 
so figures them, Brongniart describes them as “ apice profunde 
bifidis e sinu longe aristatis (subtrifidis).” Dr. Hooker, after 
alluding to these (the upper ones) as integrse, adds, “ smpius tri- 
Adas, segmento intermedio elongato-aristseformi.” D’Urville was 
induced to suspect that his plant from the Falkland Islands was 
not the same as Cavanilles’. He says, “ forsan eadem species ac 
G. trifida, Cav., veruni in nostra (G . aristata ) nunquam squamam 
trifidam vidi.” My observation accords with that of Brongniart. 
The lower female squamae are deeply emarginate, from the sinus 
of which the long pale arista issues ; higher up in the spicula, the 
emargination becomes less and less, till, at the upper part, the 
squama is much narrower, acute and entire. The upper perigynia 
are also narrower than the others. 
The specimens figured are from the Falkland Islands, collected 
by Dr. Hooker. 
315. C. procera (Kunth).—C. procera, Kunth, 491; 
Steud. 230. (Tab. CCCCXLV.) 
Hab. Brazil, Selloto, Herb. Hooker. 
I must refer to p. 89, Tab. CCLX., C. Brasiliensis, for the de¬ 
scription of this species ; for, though there are some distinctions 
between the two plants, as may be seen on a reference to the 
figures, they are scarcely specific ones. The present figure is from 
a specimen of Sellow from Brazil in Herb. Hooker, on which 
Kunth founded the species. The difference between it and the 
plant of St. Hilaire is in the perigynium. That of Sellow is 
oblong-elliptic, bn. longum, F~i s o bn. latum, and quite 
smooth, too young for any satisfactory figure of the achenium. 
The stigmas 3 and 2. Kunth notices only 3, otherwise his de¬ 
scription is in every respect applicable. I should therefore refer 
St. Hilaire’s plant as a variety. 
Var. B. Brasiliensis, St. Hilaire, Voy. en Brasil, Steud. 
231; perigyniis margine scabris subinde obovatis. (11- 
lust. tab. 260.) 
316. C. acutata (Boott); spica abbreviata vel oblonga 
viridi-purpurea, e spiculis 4-6 oblongis vel cylindricis 
contiguis sequialtis vel spicatim approximatis, masculis 
1-2 fusco-ferrugineis, reliquis femineis vel superioribus 
apice masculis densifloris subsessilibus vel inferioribus 
pedunculatis evaginatis ; bracteis culmum longe superan¬ 
tibus ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovalibus rostratis acute 
bifidis ventricosis rnodice biconvexis, costato-nervatis 
glabris lucidis tessellatis pallide viridibus, squama ellip- 
tica vel ovata acuta mutica ciliata vel hispido-aristata 
purpurea nervo pallido longioribus vel brevioribus.— 
C. acutata, Boott, Linn. Boc. Trans, xx. 124 (1846). C. 
physocarpa, Nees ms., Herb. Hooker {non Brest). C. Pe¬ 
ruviana, Dornbey, Herb. Mus. Par. {non Presl). C. fe- 
minea, Bteudel, 203; Lechler, n. 245. C. tessellata. 
Spruce, ms. {Herb. Bentham.) (Tab. CCCCXLVL- 
VIII.) 
