148 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
341. C. nigricans (Meyer); spica simplici apice mas- 
cula oblonga obtusa densi-multiflora fusco-ferruginea; 
stigmatibus 3 rarius 2; perigyniis ovatis ventricosis sensim 
acuminato-rostratis, ore late albo-hyalino integro aperto 
antice oblique secto, postice supra achenium triquet.ris 
longe stipitatis, enerviis lucidis demum horizontaliter 
patentibus vel reflexis ferrugineis, squama oblonga ob¬ 
tusa decidua, infirna rarius subfoliacea fusco-ferruginea 
plus minus longioribus.—C. nigricans, Meyer, Cyp. Nov. 
t. 7; KuntJi, 425; FI. Boss. 268; Stead el, 185 ; Tor. 
Cyp. 402; Dewey, 29, 249. (Tab. CCCCLXX1V.) 
Hab. In Asia et America septentrionali.—Unalaschka, 
Meyer. Rocky Mountains, Drummond, Lyall. 
Rhizoma validum,repens. Culmus 6-12-pollicaris,compresso- 
obtusangulus, laevis. Folia |-1| lin. lata, plana, culmo lon- 
giora vel breviora. Spica 5—10 lin. longa, 4—5 lin. lata, apice 
plus minus mascula, obtusa, basi squamis femineis numerosis 
densis imbricatis. Squamce conformes. Perigynium (cum 
stipite tVt o li Q - longo) l T 7 o-2 T 4 0 ]| n. longum, To—ro b a - 
latum, glabrum vel uno margine rarius parce dentatum, ven- 
tricosum. Achenium Vo lin. longum, -fo—To lin- latum, iu- 
sequaliter triquetrum, pallidum, basi styli crassiuscula api- 
culatum. In uno perigynio acbenia 2 observavi. Stigmata 3, 
rarius 2. 
A C. Pyrenaica satis differt rhizomate repente; culmo ob- 
tusangulo ; foliis latioribus, planis; spica majore ; perigyniis 
ventricosis, majoribus; ore conspicue albo-hyalino, aperto. 
The specimens figured are from the Rocky Mountains, larger 
than those described by Meyer. The membranous orifice is easily 
torn. I have always found the achenium triquetrous. 
342. C. Pyrenaica. (Wahlenberg); spica simplici apice 
mascula elliptica densiflora fusco-ferruginea;. stigmatibus 
3 rarius 2; perigyniis fusiformibus vel lanceolatis sensim 
attenuatis, ore antice obliquo clauso margine anguste 
liyalino longe stipitatis, enerviis compresso-subtriquetris 
vel biconvexis lucidis clemum horizontaliter patentibus 
vel reflexis ferrugineis, squama lanceolata acuta vel ob¬ 
longa obtusa decidua, infirna rarius subfoliacea fusco- 
ferruginea longioribus.—C. Pyrenaica, Wahl. Act. 139 
(1803); KuntJi, 425; Meyer, Cyp. Nov. 212, t. 7; 
Beichb. 4, t. 198 ; Lange, 24; Gren. et Godr. 387 ; 
Stead. 185; ILook. fil. FI. N. Zeal. i. 280; Tor. Cyp. 
403 ; Deioey, 4, 346 (1847). C. Fontanesiana, Dec. 
C. Ramondiana, Dec. C. Marchandiana, Ijapeyr. C. 
denudata, Lapeyr. C. acutissima, Dreyl. C. Grosseckii, 
Heuffl. Callistachys Pyrenaica, Heuffl. FI. 52S. (Tab. 
GCCCLXXV.-CCCCLXXVI.) 
Hab. In Europa, America septentrionali, Asia.—In 
mont. Pyrenseis. Mont.. Saxosis. Ruahine mont., N. 
Zel., Colenso. —/3. In alp. Transylvanise, prope Toga- 
rasch, Kotschy. 
Radix csespitosa, fibrosa. Culmus 1 |-6-pollicaris, filiformis, 
triqueter, Isevis vel scaber. Folia plana, ^—1 lin. lata, ssepius 
conduplicata, carinata, culmo breviora vel longiora. Spica 
5-8 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata, apice flosculis masculis pauciori- 
bus, basi femineis pluribus imbricatis. Squamce masculm, 
pallidiores ; femineae inferiores longiores ; infirna ssepe cuspi- 
data vel subfoliacea. Perigynium (cum stipite Ar lin. longo) 
l T 8 ___ 2 1 i g . fin. longum, ^ lin. latum, e basi acuta (fusiforme) 
vel obtusa (lanceolatum), sursum sensim attenuatum vel ros- 
tratum; ore antice secto, sulcoque plus minus deorsum pro- 
lato notatum; antice planum; postice supra achenium sub¬ 
triquetrum vel biconvexum, achenium laxe vestiens, enerve, 
rarius antice basi 2-3-nervatum, glabrum, vel uno margine 
rarius parce dentatum, membranaceum, demum reflexum. 
Achenium To - 1 lin. longum, lin. latum, insequaliter trique¬ 
trum, vel lenticulare, basi styli crassiuscule apiculatum, stipi- 
tatum. Stigmata 3, rarius 2. 
Yar. /3 ; perigyniis (cum stipite T a o~nr lin. longo) l T 3 o—Vo 
lin. longis, Vo bn. latis, basi e stipite articulo disjunctis. 
I do not find anj’’ reference in authors to the two stigmas occa¬ 
sionally observable in the plant from the Pyrenees, with the 
accompanying lenticular achenium. In the specimens from the 
mountains of New Zealand, the perigynium, with a stipes ~g a 
line long, is T 8 ^ line long, ^ line wide, with a distinct hya¬ 
line orifice, with tvto stigmas biconvex, and with three stigmas 
subtriquetrous, posteriorly from the projecting angle of a trique¬ 
trous achenium. In one was,a liitear racheola. Iu those from 
the Kocky Mountains, the perigynium is about the same in its 
measurements, with a distinct hyaline orifice; and in one there 
was a second perigynium within, with two stigmas by the side 
of a triquetrous achenium with three stigmas, shown in Tab. 
CCCCLXXV. 2. c. 
The specimens figured in Tab. CCCCLXXV.:— 
n. 1. Specimens from the Pyrenees ! 
n. 2. From the Rocky Mountains, the open perigynium showing 
the internal one furnished with its stipes and two stigmas 
by the side of the achenium with three. 
Tab. CCCCLXXVT. 
n. 1. Specimen from New Zealand; the racheola shown. 
n. 2. The var. (3, from Transylvania, with the articulation be¬ 
tween the perigynium and stipes. I owe the knowledge 
of this plant to the kindness of M. Sonder.. 
343. C. cephalotes (Muller); spica simplici apice mas¬ 
cula ovali densiflora fusco-ferruginea; stigmatibus 2 ; 
perigyniis ovalibus vel ovatis sensim acuminato-rostratis, 
ore antice obliquo albo-hyalino breve stipitatis, enerviis 
biconvexis pallidis apice ferrugineis, squama ovata acuta 
rnucronata vel apice dentata ferruginea margine anguste 
albo-hyalino longioribus.—C. cephalotes, Muller, ms. in 
Herb. TIooJcer et Sonder. (Tab. CCCCLXXVII.) 
Hab. In Australia meridionali.—Snowy summits of 
the Munyaug mountains, Muller. 
Radix fibrosa. Culmus 3-5-pollicaris, triqueter, lsevis, fili¬ 
formis. Folia ^ lin. lata, culmo breviora vel longiora, condu¬ 
plicata. Spica 3-5 lin. longa, 2\ lin. lata. Squamce feminese 
inferiores acutse, mucronatre vel apice dentatse; superiores 
obtuste. Perigynium lAo—ro lim longum, Vo—nr hn. latum, 
stipite Tf lin. longo, glabrum, rarius uno margine parce den¬ 
tatum. Achenium Aw lin. longum, | lin. latum, ovale, lenti¬ 
culare, apice basi styli crassiusculo, abrupte apiculatum. 
Atfinitas summa cum C. Pyrenaica. Differt stigmatibus 2 ; 
perigyniis biconvexis, paulo latioribus; stipite breviore ; 
squamis mucronatis vel dentatis. 
The few specimens I have seen of this plant,,which I owe to the 
kindness of Dr. Hooker and M. Sonder, are not fully mature to 
exhibit the change of direction in the perigynium common to its 
allies, and the deciduous habit of the squamae, if such occur. The 
stigmas are constantly two. The dentation at the apex of the 
lower squamae is like what is occasionally observable in species 
with a hispid mucro, when such a mucro is abortive. 
344. G. vaginata (Tausch) ; spicis 3-4 oblongis re- 
motis pedunculatis, mascula 1, femineis laxi- ssepe pauci- 
floris omnibus (infirna subinde subradicali longe) exserte 
